Writings For A Liberation Psychology

"In your country," Ignacio Martín-Baró remarked to a North American colleague, "it's publish or perish. In ours, it's publish and perish." In November 1989 a Salvadoran death squad extinguished his eloquent voice, raised so often and so passionately against oppression in his adopted country. A Spanish-born Jesuit priest trained in psychology at the University of Chicago, Martín-Baró devoted much of his career to making psychology speak to the community as well as to the individual. This collection of his writings, the first in English translation, clarifies Martín-Baró's importance in Latin American psychology and reveals a major force in the field of social theory.

Gathering essays from an array of professional journals, this volume introduces readers to the questions and concerns that shaped Martín-Baró's thinking over several decades: the psychological dimensions of political repression, the impact of violence and trauma on child development and mental health, the use of psychology for political ends, religion as a tool of ideology, and defining the "real" and the "normal" under conditions of state-sponsored violence and oppression, among others. Though grounded in the harsh realities of civil conflict in Central America, these essays have broad relevance in a world where political and social turmoil determines the conditions of daily life for so many. In them we encounter Martín-Baró's humane, impassioned voice, reaffirming the essential connections among mental health, human rights, and the struggle against injustice. His analysis of contemporary social problems, and of the failure of the social sciences to address those problems, permits us to understand not only the substance of his contribution to social thought but also his lifelong commitment to the campesinos of El Salvador.

"These essays touch on religion as a tool of ideology, the meaning of work and the way in which reality becomes fragmented in a politically repressed society...Those who worked to bring forth these essays have added a measure of justice to his life."

--Richard Higgins, Boston Globe

"Martn-Bar's essays are...characterized by a concreteness and a passion for justice, and they offer tremendous insights into Salvadoran society as well as the struggle for liberation."

--Terry Coonan, Human Rights Quarterly

"Reveals the workings of a mind that was probing and humane, wide-ranging in interests and passionate in concerns, and dedicated with a rare combination of intelligence and heroism to the challenge his work sets forth `to construct a new person in a new society.' "

--Noam Chomsky

"Adrianne Aron and Shawn Corne's excellent introduction contextualizes the volume, both within the Salvadoran peasant communities with whom much of Martn-Bar's work was developed and within the academic/intellectual communities to whom it is addressed. The chapters are organized around three major themes, which are, arguably, the major dimensions along which Martn-Bar's work developed: political psychology, war and trauma, and `de-ideologizing' reality. The selections demonstrate his contributions to social psychology as well as his intense involvement in the social reality of his adoptive country, El Salvador...[This is an] excellent volume. It is required reading for psychologists seeking a more critical psychology--one that takes responsibility for its social position and privilege, and challenges the status quo. It is an equally important resource for those who seek ideas and examples for developing `indigenous psychology' from the base of marginalized people's lives, in coalition with them."

--M. Brinton Lykes, World Psychology

These essays touch on religion as a tool of ideology, the meaning of work and the way in which reality becomes fragmented in a politically repressed society...Those who worked to bring forth these essays have added a measure of justice to his life. Richard Higgins

Martín-Baró's essays are...characterized by a concreteness and a passion for justice, and they offer tremendous insights into Salvadoran society as well as the struggle for liberation. Boston Globe

Reveals the workings of a mind that was probing and humane, wide-ranging in interests and passionate in concerns, and dedicated with a rare combination of intelligence and heroism to the challenge his work sets forth to construct a new person in a new society. Terry Coonan - Human Rights Quarterly

Adrianne Aron and Shawn Corne's excellent introduction contextualizes the volume, both within the Salvadoran peasant communities with whom much of Martín-Baró's work was developed and within the academic/intellectual communities to whom it is addressed. The chapters are organized around three major themes, which are, arguably, the major dimensions along which Martín-Baró's work developed: political psychology, war and trauma, and "de-ideologizing" reality. The selections demonstrate his contributions to social psychology as well as his intense involvement in the social reality of his adoptive country, El Salvador...[This is an] excellent volume. It is required reading for psychologists seeking a more critical psychology--one that takes responsibility for its social position and privilege, and challenges the status quo. It is an equally important resource for those who seek ideas and examples for developing "indigenous psychology" from the base of marginalized people's lives, in coalition with them. Noam Chomsky, MIT

This collection of his writings, the first in English translation, clarifies Martn-Bar's importance in Latin American psychology and reveals a major force in the field of social theory.

Adrianne Aron is a member of the Committee for Health Rights in Central America.Shawn Corne is a member of the Committee for Health Rights in Central America.Elliot G. Mishler is Professor of Social Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

Foreword by Elliot G. Mishler

Note on the Translation

Introduction

PART I: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF POLITICS AND THE POLITICS OF PSYCHOLOGY

1 Toward a Liberation Psychology
Translated by Adrianne Aron

2 The Role of the Psychologist
Translated by Adrianne Aron

3 Power, Politics, and Personality
Translated by Phillip Berryman

4 Political Socialization: Two Critical Themes
Translated by Adrianne Aron

5 The Political Psychology of Work
Translated by Cindy Forster

PART II: WAR AND TRAUMA

6 War and Mental Health
Translated by Anne Wallace

7 War and the Psychosocial Trauma of Salvadoran Children
Translated by Anne Wallace

8 Religion as an Instrument of Psychological Warfare
Translated by Tod Sloan

9 The Psychological Value of Violent Political Repression
Translated by Anne Wallace

PART III: DE-IDEOLOGIZING REALITY

10 "The People": Toward a Definition of a Concept
Translated by Adrianne Aron

11 Public Opinion Research as a De-ideologizing Instrument
Translated by Jean Carroll and Adrianne Aron

12 The Lazy Latino: The Ideological Nature of Latin American Fatalism
Translated by Phillip Berryman

Bibliography
Complete Works of Ignacio Martin-Baro
Works by Other Authors

Acknowledgments