Synopses & Reviews
A landmark, revelatory history of admissions from 1900 to todayand how it shaped a nation
The competition for a spot in the Ivy Leaguewidely considered the ticket to successis fierce and getting fiercer. But the admissions policies of elite universities have long been both tightly controlled and shrouded in secrecy. In The Chosen, the Berkeley sociologist Jerome Karabel lifts the veil on a century of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. How did the policies of our elite schools evolve? Whom have they let in and why? And what do those policies say about America?
A grand narrative brimming with insights, The Chosen provides a lens through which to examine some of the main events and movements of America in the twentieth centuryfrom immigration restriction and the Great Depression to the dropping of the atomic bomb and the launching of Sputnik, from the Cold War to the triumph of the market ethos.
Many of Karabels findings are astonishing: the admission of blacks into the Ivy League wasnt an idealistic response to the civil rights movement but a fearful reaction to inner-city riots; Yale and Princeton decided to accept women only after realizing that they were losing men to colleges (such as Harvard and Stanford) that had begun accepting the second sex”; Harvard had a systematic quota on intellectuals” until quite recently; and discrimination against Asian Americans in the 1980s mirrored the treatment of Jews earlier in the century.
Drawing on decades of meticulous research, Karabel shines a light on the ever-changing definition of merit” in college admissions, showing how it shapedand was shaped bythe country at large. Full of colorful characters, from FDR and Woodrow Wilson to Kingman Brewster and Archibald Cox, The Chosen charts the century-long battle over opportunityand offers a new and deeply original perspective on American history.
Jerome Karabel is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior fellow of the Longview Institute. An award-winning author, he has written for the New York Review of Books, the New York Times Book Review, the Nation, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times.
In vivid and electrifying prose, Karabel exposes the intimate and occasionally scandalous social and political relationships that marked college admissions at the Big Three throughout the twentieth century. The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges, where merit often functioned simply as a handmaiden to power.” -- Lani Guinier, Bennett Boskey Professor at Harvard Law School and coauthor of The Miners Canary
Millions of Americans think of the Ivy League as a training ground for the best and brightest. But for most of the twentieth century Harvard, Yale, and Princeton were more interested in sustaining the aristocracy than in shaping the nations intellectual elite. Jerome Karabels marvelous study traces the titanic struggles that defined--and redefined--the Ivy ideal. An utterly absorbing account of politics and privilege on Americas most revered campuses.” -- Kevin Boyle, National Book Award-winning author of Arc of Justice
This is a remarkable book. Until you read it, you can have no real idea how crudely these elite universities discriminated in admissions -- against women, Jews, blacks, and others. It is a staggering hidden history.” --Anthony Lewis, former New York Times columnist and author of Gideons Trumpet
A magisterial and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.” -- Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
As someone who was chosen for Princeton a long time ago (but surely couldnt get in now), I was fascinated by Jerome Karabels full and rich account of how my alma mater, and Harvard and Yale, picked us so often for all the wrong reasons. I learned much more about my species from reading The Chosen than everr I did when I was there myself, in flower.” -- Frank Deford, NPR commentator and author of The Old Ball Game
"The Chosen is a tour de force of investigative sociology. Burrowing into the Harvard, Yale, and Princeton archives, Karabel has found out where a lot of minds as well as bodies were buried, then exhumed them and dragged them into the light. Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting grounds of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabels challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal.” -- Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology, Columbia University, and author of The Sixties
This dispassionate book deals with the reluctant, often painful, always controversial, processes by which the Big Three -- Harvard, Yale, Princeton -- have democratized themselves. The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." -- Arthur Schlesingerr, Jr., historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author ooooof A Thousand Days
Review
'\"The special value of The Chosen lies...in its stories, its...apt statistics, and its analysis of backroom university politics.\" --Jeffrey Kittay'
Review
"The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." --Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
Review
An eye-opening examination...Karabel writes clearly and well, and he has dug deep.
Review
"This is a powerful book, which is richly documented, academically authoritative, and gracefully written
Review
A magisterial, thorough, and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.
Review
--Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
Review
"Vivid...electrifying...The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges." --Lani Guinier, Harvard Law School
Review
a remarkable combination of historical scholarship and sociological analysis." -- David F. Labaree, Stanford University
Review
'\"A remarkable history of the admissions process of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton.\" --Malcolm Gladwell'
Review
"An epically scaled and scrupulously rendered history." --James Traub, slate.com
Review
"This is a remarkable book....It is a staggering hidden history." --Anthony Lewis
"Jerome Karabel's marvelous study traces the titanic struggles that defined -- and re-defined -- the Ivy ideal....Utterly absorbing." --Kevin Boyle, author of Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age
and#8220;Vivid...electrifying...The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges." --Lani Guinier, Harvard Law School
"The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." --Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
and#8220;An eye-opening examination...Karabel writes clearly and well, and he has dug deep.and#8221; --Evan Thomas, Newsweek
and#8220;An informed and fascinating account of how America's elite universities have selected their student bodies over the past 100 years." --Nathan Glazer, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Education, Harvard University
and#8220;A magisterial, thorough, and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.and#8221; --Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
"[A] tour de force of investigative sociology . . . Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting grounds of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabeland#8217;s challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal." -- Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology at Columbia University and author of The Sixties
"This is a powerful book, which is richly documented, academically authoritative, and gracefully writtenand#8230;a remarkable combination of historical scholarship and sociological analysis." -- David F. Labaree, Stanford University
"A remarkable history of the admissions process of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton." --Malcolm Gladwell The New Yorker
"An epically scaled and scrupulously rendered history." --James Traub, slate.com
"Karabel's thorough and definitive look at elite college admissions is fascinating . . . Karabel is a clear and engaging writer." --David Brooks The New York Times Book Review
"The special value of The Chosen lies...in its stories, its...apt statistics, and its analysis of backroom university politics." --Jeffrey Kittay The Washington Post
"Fascinating...The Chosen is a monumental work of scholarship" --Charles Matthews San Jose Mercury News
and#8220;In vivid and electrifying prose, Karabel exposes the intimate and occasionally scandalous social and political relationships that marked college admissions at the Big Three throughout the twentieth century. The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges, where merit often functioned simply as a handmaiden to power.and#8221; -- Lani Guinier, Bennett Boskey Professor at Harvard Law School and coauthor of The Minerand#8217;s Canary
and#8220;Millions of Americans think of the Ivy League as a training ground for the best and brightest. But for most of the twentieth century Harvard, Yale, and Princeton were more interested in sustaining the aristocracy than in shaping the nationand#8217;s intellectual elite. Jerome Karabeland#8217;s marvelous study traces the titanic struggles that defined--and redefined--the Ivy ideal. An utterly absorbing account of politics and privilege on Americaand#8217;s most revered campuses.and#8221; -- Kevin Boyle, National Book Award-winning author of Arc of Justice
and#8220;This is a remarkable book. Until you read it, you can have no real idea how crudely these elite universities discriminated in admissions -- against women, Jews, blacks, and others. It is a staggering hidden history.and#8221; --Anthony Lewis, former New York Times columnist and author of Gideonand#8217;s Trumpet
and#8220;A magisterial and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.and#8221; -- Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
and#8220;As someone who was chosen for Princeton a long time ago (but surely couldnand#8217;t get in now), I was fascinated by Jerome Karabeland#8217;s full and rich account of how my alma mater, and Harvard and Yale, picked us so often for all the wrong reasons. I learned much more about my species from reading The Chosen than everr I did when I was there myself, in flower.and#8221; -- Frank Deford, NPR commentator and author of The Old Ball Game
"The Chosen is a tour de force of investigative sociology. Burrowing into the Harvard, Yale, and Princeton archives, Karabel has found out where a lot of minds as well as bodies were buried, then exhumed them and dragged them into the light. Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting grounds of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabeland#8217;s challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal.and#8221; -- Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology, Columbia University, and author of The Sixties
and#8220;This dispassionate book deals with the reluctant, often painful, always controversial, processes by which the Big Three -- Harvard, Yale, Princeton -- have democratized themselves. The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." -- Arthur Schlesingerr, Jr., historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author ooooof A Thousand Days
and#160;
Review
"This is a remarkable book....It is a staggering hidden history." --Anthony Lewis
"Jerome Karabel's marvelous study traces the titanic struggles that defined -- and re-defined -- the Ivy ideal....Utterly absorbing." --Kevin Boyle, author of Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age
Vivid...electrifying...The Chosen is a refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges." --Lani Guinier, Harvard Law School
"The Chosen is a fascinating study in American cultural history." --Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
An eye-opening examination...Karabel writes clearly and well, and he has dug deep.” --Evan Thomas, Newsweek
An informed and fascinating account of how America's elite universities have selected their student bodies over the past 100 years." --Nathan Glazer, Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Education, Harvard University
A magisterial, thorough, and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue.” --Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain and Walt Whitman
"[A] tour de force of investigative sociology . . . Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting grounds of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabels challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal." -- Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology at Columbia University and author of The Sixties
"This is a powerful book, which is richly documented, academically authoritative, and gracefully written
a remarkable combination of historical scholarship and sociological analysis." -- David F. Labaree, Stanford University
"A remarkable history of the admissions process of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton." --Malcolm Gladwell The New Yorker
"An epically scaled and scrupulously rendered history." --James Traub, slate.com
"Karabel's thorough and definitive look at elite college admissions is fascinating . . . Karabel is a clear and engaging writer." --David Brooks The New York Times Book Review
"The special value of The Chosen lies...in its stories, its...apt statistics, and its analysis of backroom university politics." --Jeffrey Kittay The Washington Post
"Fascinating...The Chosen is a monumental work of scholarship" --Charles Matthews San Jose Mercury News
Review
"A thorough and definative look at elite college admissions . . . fascinating." --David Brooks The New York Times Book Review
"The Chosen is beautifully written and brilliantly researched, and will forever change the way Americans understand elite education." --Malcom Gladwell, author of The Tipping Point
"Masterly . . . Decades in the making, The Chosen brilliantly dissects the (discriminatory) origins of the broad discretion exercised by the Big Three in determining their entering classes." --Chronicle of Higher Education
"Epically scaled and scrupulously rendered." --Slate
"Unexpectedly fascinating . . . a monumental work of scholarship." San Jose Mercury News
"Unexpectedly fascinating . . . a monumental work of scholarship." San Jose Mercury News
"Encyclopedic and engaging." --Economist
"An intriguing study of how Harvard, Yale, and Princeton decided whom they would admit throughout the twentieth century." New York Review of Books
"Meticulously researcehd, astutely argued, and . . . surprisingly engaging." --American Prospect
"Shocking." Christian Science Monitor
"[Karabel] tells his story intelligently and stylishly . . . Karabel is illuminating and quietly excoriating on the subject of class diversity at the elite schools . . . Most refreshing and most important, throughout his book Karabel insists that readers heed what he calls 'the dark side of meritocracy.' " Atlantic Monthly
"Fascinating plot twists . . . a cast of characters that any fiction writer should envy . . . compelling." Dallas Morning News
"An illuminating analysis . . . a breathtaking book, built on an acute sense of history, rigorous research, and original insights into how higher education affects and reflects the larger society. The Chosen is a book to be savored." --Journal of Blacks in Higher Education
"Definitive . . . a new lens through which to view a century of American history." --Jewish Review
"A sweeping hundred-year retrospective." U.S. News & World Report
"Remarkable." The New Yorker
"A powerful study . . . required reading for those interested in the idea of meritocracy in America and the idea that truly merit-based access to higher education is the engine of social mobility." Library Journal
"Authoritative and brilliantly researched." Commentary
"A work of intellectual genealogy in the Nietzschean sense, showing that a practice we take for granted -- the way students apply and are chosen for the most elite universities -- is neither timeless nor disinterested...A chilling picture of the deliberate bigotry that infected America's places of higher learning." New York Sun
"This is a feast of a book, invaluable for anyone studying the culture of a nation that claims to be egalitarian." --Huntington News Network
"Karabel really does have a story to tell . . . It is (ever aspect of it, really) a touchy subject. The very title of the book is a kind of sucker punch . . . But Karabel turns it back against the WASP establishment itself -- in ways too subtle, and certainly too well researched, to be considered merely polemical." --Inside Higher Education
"An extraordinary work, exhaustively researched and persuasively argued." --Arts and Letters Magazine
"Magisterial . . . the most thorough and incisive study of twentieth-century undergraduate admissions." --Geoffrey Kabaservice, author of The Guardians
"Marvelous . . . An utterly absorbing account of politics and privilege on America's most revered campuses." --Kevin Boyle, National Book Award-winning author of Arc of Justice
"A staggering hidden history." --Anthony Lewis, author of Gideon's Trumpet
"A refreshingly candid account of the admissions madness at elite colleges, where merit often functioned simply as a handmaiden to power." --Lani Guinier, Bennett Boskey Professor at Harvard Law School
"Both entertaining and authoritative . . . It is rare to find a book that is so well researched, so readable, and of such broad interest." --Christopher Avery, professor at the Kennedy School of Government
"A fascinating study in American cultural history." --Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author of A Thousand Days
"A tour de force of investigative sociology . . . Anyone who wishes to understand the shifting ground of the American establishment should read The Chosen, get shocked by the raw bigotries of the past, and accept Karabel's challenge to rethink the meritocratic ideal." --Todd Gitlin, professor of journalism and sociology, Columbia University, and author of The Sixties
"A magisterial and even-handed account of a vexed and important issue." --Justin Kaplan, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain
"A magisterial history." --Los Angeles Times Book Review
>"A masterly piece of historical detective work and a powerful indictment of elite educational institutions whose self-serving rationales have long masked the protection of privilege." The Chicago Tribune
"A juicy storyyy inddddeed . . . The special value of The Chosen lies...in its stories, its prolific and always apt statistics, and its analysis of backroom university politics." --Washington Post Book World
Synopsis
A landmark, revelatory history of admissions from 1900 to todayand#8212;and how it shaped a nation
The competition for a spot in the Ivy Leagueand#8212;widely considered the ticket to successand#8212;is fierce and getting fiercer. But the admissions policies of elite universities have long been both tightly controlled and shrouded in secrecy. In The Chosen, the Berkeley sociologist Jerome Karabel lifts the veil on a century of admission and exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. How did the policies of our elite schools evolve? Whom have they let in and why? And what do those policies say about America?
A grand narrative brimming with insights, The Chosen provides a lens through which to examine some of the main events and movements of America in the twentieth centuryand#8212;from immigration restriction and the Great Depression to the dropping of the atomic bomb and the launching of Sputnik, from the Cold War to the triumph of the market ethos.
Many of Karabeland#8217;s findings are astonishing: the admission of blacks into the Ivy League wasnand#8217;t an idealistic response to the civil rights movement but a fearful reaction to inner-city riots; Yale and Princeton decided to accept women only after realizing that they were losing men to colleges (such as Harvard and Stanford) that had begun accepting and#8220;the second sexand#8221;; Harvard had a systematic quota on and#8220;intellectualsand#8221; until quite recently; and discrimination against Asian Americans in the 1980s mirrored the treatment of Jews earlier in the century.
Drawing on decades of meticulous research, Karabel shines a light on the ever-changing definition of and#8220;meritand#8221; in college admissions, showing how it shapedand#8212;and was shaped byand#8212;the country at large. Full of colorful characters, from FDR and Woodrow Wilson to Kingman Brewster and Archibald Cox, The Chosen charts the century-long battle over opportunityand#8212;and offers a new and deeply original perspective on American history.
Synopsis
A landmark work of social and cultural history, The Chosen vividly reveals the changing dynamics of power and privilege in America over the past century. Full of colorful characters (including Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, James Bryant Conant, and Kingman Brewster), it shows how the ferocious battles over admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton shaped the American elite and bequeathed to us the peculiar system of college admissions that we have today. From the bitter anti-Semitism of the 1920s to the rise of the and#147;meritocracyand#8221; at midcentury to the debate over affirmative action today, Jerome Karabel sheds surprising new light on the main events and social movements of the twentieth century. No one who reads this remarkable book will ever think about college admissions -- or America -- in the same way again.
About the Author
JEROME KARABEL is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, and a senior fellow of the Longview Institute, a new progressive think tank. An award-winning scholar, Karabel has appeared on Nightline, Today, and All Things Considered. He has written for the New York Review of Books, the New York Times Book Review, the Nation, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times.
Table of Contents
Contents
Introduction 1
PART I The Origins of Selective Admissions, 1900and#150;1933 1. Elite Education and the Protestant Ethos 13 2. The Big Three Before Selective Admissions 39 3. Harvard and the Battle over Restriction 77 4. The and#147;Jewish Problemand#8221; at Yale and Princeton 110 PART II The Struggle over Meritocracy, 1933and#150;1965 5. Harvardand#8217;s Conant: The Man and His Ideals 139 6. The Reality of Admissions Under Conant 166 7. Reluctant Reform Comes to Yale 200 8. Princeton: The Club Expands Its Membership 227 9. Wilbur Bender and His Legacy 248 10. Tradition and Change at Old Nassau 294 11. Yale: From Insularity to Inclusion 321
PART III Inclusion and the Persistence of Privilege, 1965and#150;2005 12. Inky Clark, Kingman Brewster, and the Revolution at Yale 349 13. Racial Conflict and the Incorporation of Blacks 378 14. Coeducation and the Struggle for Gender Equality 410 15. The Alumni Revolt at Yale and Princeton 449 16. Diversity, the Bakke Case, and the Defense of Autonomy 483 17. Money, the Market Ethos, and the Struggle for Position 514 18. The Battle over Merit 536
Notes 559 Selected bibliography 676 Acknowledgments 683 Photo credits 688 Index 689