Civil Resistance & Power Politics The Experience of Non Violent Action from Gandhi to the Present

This widely-praised book identified peaceful struggle as a key phenomenon in international politics a year before the revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt confirmed its central argument. Civil resistance--non-violent action against such challenges as dictatorial rule, racial discrimination and foreign military occupation--is a significant but inadequately understood feature of world politics. Especially through the peaceful revolutions of 1989, and the developments in the Arab world since December 2010, it has helped to shape the world we live in.

Civil Resistance and Power Politics covers most of the leading cases, including the actions master-minded by Gandhi, the US civil rights struggle in the 1960s, the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979, the 'people power' revolt in the Philippines in the 1980s, the campaigns against apartheid in South Africa, the various movements contributing to the collapse of the Soviet Bloc in 1989-91, and, in this century, the 'colour revolutions' in Georgia and Ukraine. The chapters, written by leading experts, are richly descriptive and analytically rigorous.

This book addresses the complex interrelationship between civil resistance and other dimensions of power. It explores the question of whether civil resistance should be seen as potentially replacing violence completely, or as a phenomenon that operates in conjunction with, and modification of, power politics. It looks at cases where campaigns were repressed, including China in 1989 and Burma in 2007. It notes that in several instances, including Northern Ireland, Kosovo and Georgia, civil resistance movements were followed by the outbreak of armed conflict. It also includes a chapter with new material from Russian archives showing how the Soviet leadership responded to civil resistance, and a comprehensive bibliographical essay.

Illustrated throughout with a remarkable selection of photographs, this uniquely wide-ranging and path-breaking study is written in an accessible style and is intended for the general reader as well as for students of Modern History, Politics, Sociology and International Relations.

"Highly informative compilation of different quests for political, economic, and social change over the past half-century. The great value of Civil Resistance and Power Politics is to provide relatively succinct accounts of these diverse events in such a way as to underline both their differences and their similarities."--New York Review of Books

"Roberts and Garton Ash succeed in their task magnificently. Seldom has a collective work displayed such coordinated research; seldom has the selection of authors been so successful...and seldom have the introductory and concluding essays in an edited work been so effective...indispensable book"--Survival

"This book is a timely reminder that realpolitik is by no means always the best way to consolidate power. And this may prompt a rethink as to the very nature of power itself."--International Affairs

"A book full of thought-provoking stories and arresting statistics...a valuable contribution to our understanding of a phenomenon that history has too often ignored--and a political tactic that looks set to become even more potent in the years ahead." --Sunday Business Post

Sir Adam Roberts is President of the British Academy, Senior Research Fellow of Politics and International Relations at Oxford University, and Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford University. His main academic interests are in the fields of international security, international organizations, and international law (including the laws of war). He has also worked extensively on the role of civil resistance against dictatorial regimes and foreign rule, and on the history of thought about international relations. Professor Robert's is the co-editor of The United Nations Security Council and War (OUP 2008), Documents on the Laws of War (OUP 2000), and Hugo Grotius and International Relations (OUP 1992).

Timothy Garton Ash is Professor of European Studies at Oxford University, Isaiah Berlin Professorial Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford University, and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. He is the author of eight books of political writing or 'history of the present' which have charted the transformation of Europe over the last quarter-century. His essays appear regularly in the New York Review of Books and he writes a weekly column in the Guardian which is widely syndicated in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Throughout the nineteen eighties, he reported and analyzed the emancipation of Central Europe from communism in contributions to the New York Review of Books, the Independent, the Times, and the Spectator.

Preface

Foreword on the Arab Spring

1. Civil Resistance and Power Politics , Adam Roberts

2. People Power and Protest: The Literature on Civil Resistance in Historical Context , April Carter

3. Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917-47: Key Issues , Judith Brown

4. The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945-70 , Doug McAdam

5. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967-72 , Richard English

6. The Dialectics of Empire: Soviet Leaders and the Challenge of Civil Resistance in East-Central Europe, 1968-91 , Mark Kramer

7. Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to 'Velvet Revolution', 1968-89 , Kieran Williams

8. Towards 'Self-Limiting Revolution': Poland, 1970-89 , Aleksander Smolar

9. Portugal: 'The Revolution of the Carnations', 1974-75 , Kenneth Maxwell

10. Mass Protests in the Iranian Revolution, 1977-79 , Ervand Abrahamian

11. 'People Power' in the Philippines, 1983-86 , Amado Mendoza

12. Political Mass Mobilization against Authoritarian Rule: Pinochet's Chile, 1983-88 , Carlos Huneeus

13. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in the Movement against Apartheid in South Africa, 1983-94 , Tom Lodge

14. The Intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States, 1987-91 , Mark R. Beissinger

15. The 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and Beyond: Echoes of Gandhi , Merle Goldman

16. Civil Resistance and Civil Society: Lessons from the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989 , Charles S. Maier

17. The Limits of Prudence: Civil Resistance in Kosovo, 1990-98 , Howard Clark

18. Civil Society versus Slobodan Milosevic: Serbia, 1991-2000 , Ivan Vejvoda

19. Georgia's 'Rose Revolution' of 2003: A Forceful Peace , Stephen Jones

20. Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation , Andrew Wilson

21. The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007 , Christina Fink

22. A Century of Civil Resistance: Some Lessons and Questions , Timothy Garton Ash

Preface

1. Civil Resistance and Power Politics, Adam Roberts

2. People Power and Protest: The Literature on Civil Resistance in Historical Context, April Carter

3. Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917-47: Key Issues, Judith Brown

4. The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945-70, Doug McAdam

5. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967-72, Richard English

6. The Dialectics of Empire: Soviet Leaders and the Challenge of Civil Resistance in East-Central Europe, 1968-91, Mark Kramer

7. Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to 'Velvet Revolution', 1968-89, Kieran Williams

8. Towards 'Self-Limiting Revolution': Poland, 1970-89, Aleksander Smolar

9. Portugal: 'The Revolution of the Carnations', 1974-75, Kenneth Maxwell

10. Mass Protests in the Iranian Revolution, 1977-79, Ervand Abrahamian

11. 'People Power' in the Philippines, 1983-86, Amado Mendoza

12. Political Mass Mobilization against Authoritarian Rule: Pinochet's Chile, 1983-88, Carlos Huneeus

13. The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in the Movement against Apartheid in South Africa, 1983-94, Tom Lodge

14. The Intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States, 1987-91, Mark R. Beissinger

15. The 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and Beyond: Echoes of Gandhi, Merle Goldman

16. Civil Resistance and Civil Society: Lessons from the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989, Charles S. Maier

17. The Limits of Prudence: Civil Resistance in Kosovo, 1990-98, Howard Clark

18. Civil Society versus Slobodan Milosevic: Serbia, 1991-2000, Ivan Vejvoda

19. Georgia's 'Rose Revolution' of 2003: A Forceful Peace, Stephen Jones

20. Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation, Andrew Wilson

21. The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007, Christina Fink

22. A Century of Civil Resistance: Some Lessons and Questions, Timothy Garton Ash