Preface
Hints for Using This Book
Question and Correct & Compare and Correct
Question and Correct: Some of the Most Commonly Asked Questions About Writing
Compare and Correct
The Writing Process
1 Purposes and Audiences
a. Purpose
b. Topic
c. Thesis
d. Audience
2 Writing Processes and Strategies
a. Planning
b. Drafting
c. Organizing
d. Collaborating
e. Revising
f. Editing and Proofreading
3 Paragraphs
a. Unity
b. Coherence
c. Development
d. Introductions and Conclusions
e. Patterns of Organization
5 Visual Argument
a. Similarities and Differences between Verbal and Visual Argument
b. Reading Visual Arguments
c. Writing Visual Arguments
Public and Professional Writing
6 Public Writing
a. Public Documents
b. Résumés
7 Allied Health
a. Allied Health Careers
b. How Writing Relates to Allied Health
c. How This Handbook Can Help You in the Allied Health Field
d. Representative Writing in the Allied Haelth Field
e. Writing Tips and Strategies for Allied Health
8 AutoCAD
a. AutoCAD Careers
b. How Writing Relates to AutoCAD
c. How This Handbook Can Help You in AutoCAD
d. Representative Writing for AutoCAD
e. Writing Tips and Strategies for AutoCAD
9 Auto Technology
a. Automotive Technology Careers
b. How Writing Realtes to Automotive Careers
c. How This Handbook Can Help You in Automotive Technology
d. Representative Writing for Automotive Technology
e. Writing Tips for Automotive Technology
10 Business
a. Business Careers
b. How Writing Skills Relate to Business
c. How This Handbook Can Help You in Business
d. Represenative Writing for Business
e. Writing Tips for Business
11 Criminal Justice
a. Criminal Justice Careers
b. How Writing Skills Relate to Criminal Justice
c. How This Handbook Can Help You in Criminal Justice
d. Representative Writing for Criminal Justice Fields
e. Writing Tips and Strategies for Criminal Justice Professionals
12 Electronics
a. Careers in Electronics
b. How Writing Relates to Careers in Electronics
c. How This Handbook Can Help You in Electronics
d. Representative Writing in Electronics
e. Writing Tips and Strategies in Electronics
13 Information Technology
a. How Writing Relates to IT Careers
b. How This Handbook Can Help You in IT Careers
c. Representative Writing for IT Careers
d. Writing Tips and Strategies for IT
14 Document Design
a. Principles in Document Design
b. Visual Elements
c. Web Page Design
d. Paper Preperation
Revising Sentences for Accuracy, Clarity, and Variety
15 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
a. Comma Splices
b. Fused or Run-On Sentences
16 Subject-Verb Agreement
a. Singular and Plural Subjects
b. Buried Subjects
c. Compound Subjects
d. Or and Either/Or in Subjects
e. Casues and Phrases as Subjects
f. Indefinites as Subjects
g. Collective Nounsa and Amounts as Subjects
h. Plural Words as Subjects
i. Titles. Company Names, Words, and Quotations as Subjects
j. Linking Verbs
k. There (is/are), Here (is/are), and It
l. Who , Which, That, and One as Subjects
17 Sentence Fragments
a. Unintentional Fragments
b. Intentional Fragments
19 Parallel Constructions
a. Parralell Structure
b. Faulty Parallelism
20 Consistency (Avoiding Shifts)
a. Shifts in Person or Number
b. Shifts in Verb Tense
c. Shifts in Tone
d. Shifts in Voice
e. Shifts in Discourse
21 Faulty Predication
22 Coordination and Subordination
a. Coordination
b. Subordination
23 Sentence Clarity
a. Moving From Known (Old) to Unknown (New) Information
b. Using Positive Instead of Negative Statements
c. Aviodin g Double Negatives
d. Using Verbs Instead of Nouns
e. Making the Intended Subject the Sentence Subject
f. Using Active Instead of Passive Voice
24 Transitions
a. Repetition of a Key Term or Phrase
b. Synonyms
c. Pronouns
d. Transitional Words and Phrases
e. Transitions in and Between Paragraphs
a. Combining Sentences
b. Adding Words
c. Changing Words, Phrases, and Clauses
26 Verbs
a. Verb Phrases
b. Verb Forms
c. Verb Tense
d. Verb Voice
e. Verb Mood
f . Modal Verbs
27 Nouns and Pronouns
a. Nouns
b. Pronouns
28 Pronoun Case and Reference
a. Pronoun Case
b. Pronoun Reference
29 Adjectives and Adverbs
a. Adjectives and Adverbs
b. A/An/The
c. Comparisons
30 Prepositions
a. Common Prepositions
b. Idiomatic Prepositions
c. Other Prepositions
31 Subjects
32 Phrases
33 Clauses
a. Independent Clauses
b. Dependent Clauses
34 Essential and Nonessential Clauses and Phrases
a. Essential Clauses and Phrases
b. Nonessential Clauses and Phrases
35 Sentences
a. Sentence Purposes
b. Sentence Structures Punctuation
Punctuation
36 Commas
a. Commas in Compound Sentences
b. Commas After Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses
c. Commas with Essential and Nonessential Words, Phrases, and Clauses
d. Commas in Series and Lists
e. Commas with Adjectives
f . Commas with Dates, Addresses, Geographical Names, and Numbers
g. Other Uses for Commas
h. Unnecessary Commas
37 Apostrophes
a. Apostrophes with Possessives
b. Apostrophes with Contractions
c. Apostrophes with Plurals
d. Unnecessary Apostrophes
38 Semicolons
a. Semicolons in Compound Sentences
b. Semicolons in a Series
c. Semicolons with Quotation Marks
d. Unnecessary Semicolons
39 Colons
a. Colons to Announce Elements at the End of a Sentence
b. Colons to Separate Independent Clauses
c. Colons to Announce Quotations
d. Colons in Salutations and Between Elements
e. Colons with Quotation Marks
f. Unnecessary Colons
40 Quotation Marks
a. Quotation Marks with Direct and Indirect Quotations
b. Quotation Marks for Minor Titles and Parts of Wholes
c. Quotation Marks for Words
d. Use of Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks
e. Unnecessary Quotation Marks
41 Hyphens
a. Hyphens to Divide Words
b. Hyphens to Form Compound Words
c. Hyphens to Join Word Units
d. Hyphens to Join Prefixes, Suffixes, and Letters to a Word
e. Hyphens to Avoid Ambiguity
42 End Punctuation cull
a. Periods
b. Question Marks
c. Exclamation Points
43 Other Punctuation
a. Dashes
b. Slashes
c. Parentheses
d. Brackets
e. Ellipsis (Omitted Words) Mechanics and Spelling
Mechanics and Spelling
44 Capitals
45 Abbreviations
a. Abbreviating Numbers
b. Abbreviating Titles
c. Abbreviating Place Names
d. Abbreviating Measurements
e. Abbreviating Dates
f. Abbreviating Initials Used as Names
g. Abbreviating Latin Expressions
h. Abbreviating Documentation
46 Numbers
47 Underlining/Italics
a. Underlining for Titles
b. Other Uses of Underlining
48 Spelling
a. Proofreading
b. Using Spell-Checkers
c. Some Spelling Guidelines
d. Plurals
e. Sound-Alike Words (Homonyms) Style and Word Choice
Style and Word Choice
49 Sexist Language
a. Alternatives to Man
b. Alternative Job Titles
c. Alternatives to the Male or Female Pronoun
50 Unnecessary Words
a. Conciseness
b. Clichés
c. Pretentious Language
51 Appropriate Words
a. Standard English
b. Colloquialisms, Slang, and Regionalisms
c. Levels of Formality
d. Jargon and Technical Terms
e. General and Specific Words
f. Concrete and Abstract Words
g. Denotation and Connotation
h. Offensive Language
ESL and Multilingual Writers
52 American Style in Writing
53 Verbs
a. Helping Verbs with Main Verbs
b. Two-Word (Phrasal) Verbs
c. Verbs with -ing and to + Verb Forms
54 Omitted Words
a. Verbs
b. Subjects and There or It
55 Repeated Words
a. Subjects
b. Pronouns and Adverbs
56 Count and Noncount Nouns
57 Adjectives and Adverbs
a. Placement
b. Order
c. A/An/The
d. Some/Any, Much/Many, Little/Few,Less/Fewer, Enough, No
58 Prepositions
59 Idioms
Research
60 Finding a Topic
a. Deciding on a Purpose
b. Understanding Why Plagiarism Is Wrong
c. Deciding on a Topic
d. Narrowing the Topic
e. Formulating a Research Question
f. Formulating a Thesis
61 Searching for Information
a. Choosing Primary and Secondary Sources
b. Searching the Internet
c. Searching Libraries
d. Searching Other Sources
62 Using Web Resources
a. Web Site Bibliographic Information
b. Useful Web Sites
63 Evaluating Sources
a. Getting Started
b. Evaluating Internet Sources
c. Evaluating Bibliographic Citations
d. Evaluating Content
64 Collecting Information
a. Keeping Notes on a Computer
b. Printing and Annotating Photocopies and Printouts
c. Starting a Working Bibliography
d. Writing Notecards
65 Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
a. Recognizing Plagiarism
b. Summarizing Without Plagiarizing
c. Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing
d. Using Quotation Marks to Avoid Plagiarizing
e. Using Signal Words and Phrases to Integrate Sources
66 Writing the Research Paper
a. Getting Started
b. Planning and Organizing
c. Writing a Draft
d. Reviewing the Draft
e. Revising, Editing, and Checking the Format
MLA Documentation
67 Documenting in MLAStyle
a. In-Text Citations
b. Endnotes
c. Works Cited List
d. Sample MLA-Style Research
APA, CSE and Other Documentation
68 Documenting in APA Style
a. In-Text Citations
b. Footnotes
c. References List
d. Sample APA-Style Research Paper
69 Documenting in Other Styles
a. Council of Science Editors (CSE)
b. Resources for Other Styles
Index and Glossaries.
Glossary of Usage
Glossary of Grammatical Terms
Index