Synopses & Reviews
Risks are an integral part of complex, high-stakes decisions, and decisionmakers are faced with the unavoidable tasks of assessing risks and forming risk preferences. This is true for all decision domains, including financial, environmental, and foreign policy domains, among others. How well decisionmakers deal with risk affects, to a considerable extent, the quality of their decisions. This book provides the most comprehensive analysis available of the elements that influence risk judgments and preferences.
The book has two dimensions: theoretical and comparative-historical. The study of risk-taking behavior has been dominated by the rational choice approach. Instead, the author adopts a socio-cognitive approach involving: a multivariate theory integrating contextual, cognitive, motivational, and personality factors that affect an individual decisionmakers judgment and preferences; the social interaction and structural effects of the decisionmaking group and its organizational setting; and the role of cultural-societal values and norms that sanction or discourage risk taking behavior.
The books theoretical approach is applied and tested in five historical case studies of foreign military interventions. The richly detailed empirical data on the case studies make them, metaphorically speaking, an ideal laboratory for applying a process-tracing approach in studying judgment and decision processes at varying risk levels. The case studies analyzed are: U.S. interventions in Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1989 (both low risk); Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in 1968 (moderate risk): U.S. intervention in Vietnam in 1964-68 (high risk); and Israels intervention in Lebanon in 1982-83 (high risk).
Review
This brilliant book brings together a wide range of materials from various fields on the dynamics of risk taking and of foreign military interventions. These subjects have been explored before, but never to my knowledge with such thoroughness or creativity. This is a definitive volume that will long withstand the test of time.”James N. Rosenau, George Washington University
About the Author
Yaacov Y. I. Vertzberger is Professor of International Relations at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. He is the author, most recently, of The World in Their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking (Stanford, 1990).
Table of Contents
Preface; Abbreviations; 1. Introduction; Part I. Theory: 2. The anatomy of risk: what is risk and how is it framed?; 3. The formation of risk judgements and risk preferences: a sociocognitive approach; 4. Foreign military intervention: national capabilities constraints; 5. The international milieu and foreign military intervention: when and how much does the milieu matter? Part II. The Case Studies: A Comparative Analysis: 6. Foreign military interventions with low to moderate risks: Grenada, Panama, and Czechoslovakia; 7. High-risk foreign military interventions: Vietnam and Lebanon; 8. Conclusions and implications; Notes; Bibliography; Index.