Synopses & Reviews
Marvin Minsky -- one of the fathers of computer science and cofounder of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT -- gives a revolutionary answer to the age-old question: "How does the mind work?" andlt;BRandgt; Minsky brilliantly portrays the mind as a "society" of tiny components that are themselves mindless. Mirroring his theory, Minsky boldly casts andlt;Iandgt;The Society of Mindandlt;/Iandgt; as an intellectual puzzle whose pieces are assembled along the way. Each chapter -- on a self-contained page -- corresponds to a piece in the puzzle. As the pages turn, a unified theory of the mind emerges, like a mosaic. Ingenious, amusing, and easy to read, andlt;Iandgt;The Society of Mindandlt;/Iandgt; is an adventure in imagination.
Review
andlt;divandgt;Issac Asimov Information Week 270 brilliantly original essays on...how the mind works.
Review
Professor Guy Cellerier Genetic Artificial Intelligence and Epistemics Laboratory, University of Geneva A PROFOUND AND FASCINATING BOOK that lays down the foundations for the solution of one of the last great problems of modern science....Marks a new era.
Review
Gene Roddenberry creator of andlt;Iandgt;Star Trekandlt;/Iandgt; A REMARKABLE BOOK....I am grateful that Marvin Minsky was my tour guide on this journey in the realms of my own consciousness.
Review
Douglas Hofstadter author of andlt;Iandgt;Gand#246;del, Escher, Bachandlt;/Iandgt; and andlt;Iandgt;Metamagical Themasandlt;/Iandgt; A stunning collage of staccato images, filled to the brim with witty insights and telling aphorisms.
Review
andlt;Iandgt;The New York Times Book Reviewandlt;/Iandgt; INGENIOUS...STIMULATING...crisp, packed with quips, aphorisms and homely illustrations. A pleasure to read...It will make you think. And that's what brains are for.
Review
andlt;Iandgt;San Jose Mercury Newsandlt;/Iandgt; SCATTERED WITH GEMS....Liable to be influential far beyond the narrow researches of artificial intelligence.
Review
Michael Crichton author to andlt;Iandgt;The Andromeda Strainandlt;/Iandgt; PROVOCATIVE, DELIGHTFUL, CHALLENGING, a rich, funny and altogether fascinating book.
Review
Martin Gardner andlt;Iandgt;The Boston Sunday Globeandlt;/Iandgt; SPARKLING WITH JOKES and apt quotations...and rich insights.
Review
Issac Asimov andlt;Iandgt;Information Weekandlt;/Iandgt; 270 brilliantly original essays on...how the mind works.
Synopsis
Marvin Minsky -- one of the fathers of computer science and cofounder of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT -- gives a revolutionary answer to the age-old question: "How does the mind work?"
Minsky brilliantly portrays the mind as a "society" of tiny components that are themselves mindless. Mirroring his theory, Minsky boldly casts The Society of Mind as an intellectual puzzle whose pieces are assembled along the way. Each chapter -- on a self-contained page -- corresponds to a piece in the puzzle. As the pages turn, a unified theory of the mind emerges, like a mosaic. Ingenious, amusing, and easy to read, The Society of Mind is an adventure in imagination.
About the Author
andlt;bandgt;Marvin Minskyandlt;/bandgt; is Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research has led to many advances in artificial intelligence, psychology, physical optics, mathematics, and the theory of computation. He has made major contributions in the domains of computer graphics, knowledge and semantics, machine vision, and machine learning. He has also been involved with technologies for space exploration.andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;Professor Minsky is one of the pioneers of intelligence-based robotics. He designed and built some of the first mechanical hands with tactile sensors, visual scanners, and their software and interfaces. In 1951 he built the first neural-network learning machine. With John McCarthy he founded the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in 1959. He has written seminal papers in the fields of artificial intelligence, perception, and language. His book andlt;Iandgt;The Society of Mindandlt;/iandgt; contains hundreds of ideas about the mind, many of which he has further developed in this book.
Table of Contents
andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;CONTENTSandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;1 PROLOGUEandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;1.1 THE AGENTS OF THE MINDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;1.2 THE MIND AND THE BRAINandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;1.3 THE SOCIETY OF MINDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;1.4 THE WORLD OF BLOCKSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;1.5 COMMON SENSEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;1.6 AGENTS AND AGENCIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;2 WHOLES AND PARTSandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;2.1 COMPONENTS AND CONNECTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;2.2 NOVELISTS AND REDUCTIONISTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;2.3 PARTS AND WHOLESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;2.4 HOLES AND PARTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;2.5 EASY THINGS ARE HARDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;2.6 ARE PEOPLE MACHINES?andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;3 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISEandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;3.1 CONFLICTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;3.2 NONCOMPROMISEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;3.3 HIERARCHIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;3.4 HETERARCHIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;3.5 DESTRUCTIVENESSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;3.6 PAIN AND PLEASURE SIMPLIFIEDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;4 THE SELFandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.1 THE SELFandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.2 ONE SELF OR MANY?andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.3 THE SOULandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.4 THE CONSERVATIVE SELFandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.5 EXPLOITATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.6 SELF-CONTROLandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.7 LONG-RANGE PLANSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;4.8 IDEALSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;5 INDIVIDUALITYandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.1 CIRCULAR CAUSALITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.2 UNANSWERABLE QUESTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.3 THE REMOTE-CONTROL SELFandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.4 PERSONAL IDENTITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.5 FASHION AND STYLEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.6 TRAITSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;5.7 PERMANENT IDENTITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;6 INSIGHT AND INTROSPECTIONandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.1 CONSCIOUSNESSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.2 SIGNALS AND SIGNSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.3 THOUGHT-EXPERIMENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.4 andlt;Iandgt;Bandlt;/Iandgt;-BRAINSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.5 FROZEN REFLECTIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.6 MOMENTARY MENTAL TIMEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.7 THE CAUSAL NOWandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.8 THINKING WITHOUT THINKINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.9 HEADS IN THE CLOUDSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.10 WORLDS OUT OF MINDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.11 IN-SIGHTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.12 INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.13 SELF-KNOWLEDGE IS DANGEROUSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;6.14 CONFUSIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;7 PROBLEMS AND GOALSandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.1 INTELLIGENCEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.2 UNCOMMON SENSEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.3 THE PUZZLE PRINCIPLEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.4 PROBLEM SOLVINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.5 LEARNING AND MEMORYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.6 REINFORCEMENT AND REWARDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.7 LOCAL RESPONSIBILITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.8 DIFFERENCE-ENGINESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.9 INTENTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;7.10 GENIUSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;8 A THEORY OF MEMORYandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.1 K-LINES: A THEORY OF MEMORYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.2 RE-MEMBERINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.3 MENTAL STATES AND DISPOSITIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.4 PARTIAL MENTAL STATESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.5 LEVEL-BANDSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.6 LEVELSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.7 FRINGESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.8 SOCIETIES OF MEMORIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.9 KNOWLEDGE-TREESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.10 LEVELS AND CLASSIFICATIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;8.11 LAYERS OF SOCIETIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;9 SUMMARIESandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;9.1 WANTING AND LIKINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;9.2 GERRYMANDERINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;9.3 LEARNING FROM FAILUREandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;9.4 ENJOYING DISCOMFORTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;10 PAPERT'S PRINCIPLEandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.1 PIAGET'S EXPERIMENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.2 REASONING ABOUT AMOUNTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.3 PRIORITIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.4 PAPERT'S PRINCIPLEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.5 THE SOCIETY-OF-MOREandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.6 ABOUT PIAGET'S EXPERIMENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.7 THE CONCEPT OF CONCEPTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.8 EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;10.9 LEARNING A HIERARCHYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;11 THE SHAPE OF SPACEandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.1 SEEING REDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.2 THE SHAPE OF SPACEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.3 NEARNESSESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.4 INNATE GEOGRAPHYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.5 SENSING SIMILARITIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.6 THE CENTERED SELFandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.7 PREDESTINED LEARNINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.8 HALF-BRAINSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;11.9 DUMBBELL THEORIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;12 LEARNING MEANINGandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.1 A BLOCK-ARCH SCENARIOandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.2 LEARNING MEANINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.3 UNIFRAMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.5 THE FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.6 ACCUMULATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.7 ACCUMULATION STRATEGIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.8 PROBLEMS OF DISUNITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.9 THE EXCEPTION PRINCIPLEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.10 HOW TOWERS WORKandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.11 HOW CAUSES WORKandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.12 MEANING AND DEFINITIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;12.13 BRIDGE-DEFINITIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;13 SEEING AND BELIEVINGandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.1 REFORMULATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.2 BOUNDARIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.3 SEEING AND BELIEVINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.4 CHILDREN'S DRAWING-FRAMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.5 LEARNING A SCRIPTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.6 THE FRONTIER EFFECTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;13.7 DUPLICATIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;14 REFORMULATIONandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.1 USING REFORMULATIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.2 THE BODY-SUPPORT CONCEPTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.3 MEANS AND ENDSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.4 SEEING SQUARESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.5 BRAINSTORMINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.6 THE INVESTMENT PRINCIPLEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.7 PARTS AND HOLESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.8 THE POWER OF NEGATIVE THINKINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;14.9 THE INTERACTION-SQUAREandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;15 CONSCIOUSNESS AND MEMORYandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.1 MOMENTARY MENTAL STATEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.2 SELF-EXAMINATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.3 MEMORYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.4 MEMORIES OF MEMORIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.5 THE IMMANENCE ILLUSIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.6 MANY KINDS OF MEMORYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.7 MEMORY REARRANGEMENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.8 ANATOMY OF MEMORYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.9 INTERRUPTION AND RECOVERYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.10 LOSING TRACKandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;15.11 THE RECURSION PRINCIPLEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;16 EMOTIONandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.1 EMOTIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.2 MENTAL GROWTHandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.3 MENTAL PROTO-SPECIALISTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.4 CROSS-EXCLUSIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.5 AVALANCHE EFFECTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.6 MOTIVATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.7 EXPLOITATIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.8 STIMULUS VS. SIMULUSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.9 INFANT EMOTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;16.10 ADULT EMOTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;17 DEVELOPMENTandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.1 SEQUENCES OF TEACHING-SELVESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.2 ATTACHMENT-LEARNINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.3 ATTACHMENT SIMPLIFIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.4 FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.5 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.6 PREREQUISITES FOR GROWTHandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.7 GENETIC TIMETABLESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.8 ATTACHMENT-IMAGESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.9 DIFFERENT SPANS OF MEMORIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.10 INTELLECTUAL TRAUMAandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;17.11 INTELLECTUAL IDEALSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;f0 andlt;Bandgt;18 REASONINGandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.1 MUST MACHINES BE LOGICAL?andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.2 CHAINS OF REASONINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.3 CHAININGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.4 LOGICAL CHAINSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.5 STRONG ARGUMENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.6 MAGNITUDE FROM MULTITUDEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.7 WHAT IS A NUMBER?andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.8 MATHEMATICS MADE HARDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;18.9 ROBUSTNESS AND RECOVERYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;19 WORDS AND IDEASandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.1 THE ROOTS OF INTENTIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.2 THE LANGUAGE-AGENCYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.3 WORDS AND IDEASandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.4 OBJECTS AND PROPERTIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.5 POLYNEMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.6 RECOGNIZERSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.7 WEIGHING EVIDENCEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.8 GENERALIZINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.9 RECOGNIZING THOUGHTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;19.10 CLOSING THE RINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;20 CONTEXT AND AMBIGUITYandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.1 AMBIGUITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.2 NEGOTIATING AMBIGUITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.3 VISUAL AMBIGUITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.4 LOCKING-IN AND WEEDING-OUTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.5 MICRONEMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.6 THE NEMEIC SPIRALandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.7 CONNECTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.8 CONNECTION LINESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;20.9 DISTRIBUTED MEMORYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;21 andlt;Iandgt;TRANSandlt;/Iandgt;-FRAMESandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.1 THE PRONOUNS OF THE MINDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.2 PRONOMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.3 andlt;Iandgt;TRANSandlt;/Iandgt;-FRAMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.4 COMMUNICATION AMONG AGENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.5 AUTOMATISMandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.6 andlt;Iandgt;TRANSandlt;/Iandgt;-FRAME PRONOMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.7 GENERALIZING WITH PRONOMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;21.8 ATTENTIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;22 EXPRESSIONandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.1 PRONOMES AND POLYNEMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.2 ISONOMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.3 DE-SPECIALIZINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.4 LEARNING AND TEACHINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.5 INFERENCEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.6 EXPRESSIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.7 CAUSES AND CLAUSESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.8 INTERRUPTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.9 PRONOUNS AND REFERENCESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.10 VERBAL EXPRESSIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;22.11 CREATIVE EXPRESSIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;23 COMPARISONSandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;23.1 A WORLD OF DIFFERENCESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;23.2 DIFFERENCES AND DUPLICATESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;23.3 TIME BLINKINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;23.4 THE MEANINGS OF MOREandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;23.5 FOREIGN ACCENTSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;24 FRAMESandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.1 THE SPEED OF THOUGHTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.2 FRAMES OF MINDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.3 HOW andlt;Iandgt;TRANSandlt;/Iandgt;-FRAMES WORKandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.4 DEFAULT ASSUMPTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.5 NONVERBAL REASONINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.6 DIRECTION-NEMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.7 PICTURE-FRAMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.8 HOW PICTURE-FRAMES WORKandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;24.9 RECOGNIZERS AND MEMORIZERSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;25 FRAME-ARRAYSandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;25.1 ONE FRAME AT A TIME?andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;25.2 FRAME-ARRAYSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;25.3 THE STATIONARY WORLDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;25.4 THE SENSE OF CONTINUITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;25.5 EXPECTATIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;25.6 THE FRAME IDEAandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;26 LANGUAGE-FRAMESandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.1 UNDERSTANDING WORDSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.2 UNDERSTANDING STORIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.3 SENTENCE-FRAMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.4 A PARTY-FRAMEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.5 STORY-FRAMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.6 SENTENCE AND NONSENSEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.7 FRAMES FOR NOUNSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.8 FRAMES FOR VERBSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.9 LANGUAGE AND VISIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.10 LEARNING LANGUAGEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.11 GRAMMARandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;26.12 COHERENT DISCOURSEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;27 CENSORS AND JOKESandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.1 DEMONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.2 SUPPRESSORSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.3 CENSORSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.4 EXCEPTIONS TO LOGICandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.5 JOKESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.6 HUMOR AND CENSORSHIPandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.7 LAUGHTERandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;27.8 GOOD HUMORandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;28 THE MIND AND THE WORLDandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.1 THE MYTH OF MENTAL ENERGYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.2 MAGNITUDE AND MARKETPLACEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.3 QUANTITY AND QUALITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.4 MIND OVER MATTERandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.5 THE MIND AND THE WORLDandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.6 MINDS AND MACHINESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.7 INDIVIDUAL IDENTITIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;28.8 OVERLAPPING MINDSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;29 THE REALMS OF THOUGHTandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.1 THE REALMS OF THOUGHTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.2 SEVERAL THOUGHTS AT ONCEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.3 PARANOMESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.4 CROSS-REALM CORRESPONDENCESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.5 THE PROBLEM OF UNITYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.6 AUTISTIC CHILDRENandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.7 LIKENESSES AND ANALOGIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;29.8 METAPHORSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;30 MENTAL MODELSandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.1 KNOWINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.2 KNOWING AND BELIEVINGandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.3 MENTAL MODELSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.4 WORLD MODELSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.5 KNOWING OURSELVESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.6 FREEDOM OF WILLandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.7 THE MYTH OF THE THIRD ALTERNATIVEandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;30.8 INTELLIGENCE AND RESOURCEFULNESSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;APPENDIXandlt;/Bandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.1 HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.2 THE GENESIS OF MENTAL REALMSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.3 GESTURES AND TRAJECTORIESandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.4 BRAIN CONNECTIONSandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.5 SURVIVAL INSTINCTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.6 EVOLUTION AND INTENTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.7 INSULATION AND INTERACTIONandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;31.8 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN THOUGHTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;andlt;Bandgt;POSTSCRIPT AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;GLOSSARY AND BIBLIOGRAPHYandlt;BRandgt;andlt;BRandgt;INDEXandlt;/Bandgt;