Note: Each chapter includes a Chapter Summary, Key Terms, a Suggested Reading, and Notes.
1. Origins, ca 400,000-1100 B.C.
Understanding Western History
From Caves to Towns
Images in Society: The Iceman
Mesopotamian Civilization
Mapping the Past: Map 1.1 Spread of Cultures in the Ancient Near East
The Spread of Mesopotamian Culture
Egypt, the Land of the Pharaohs (3100-1200 B.C.)
Individuals in Society: Nefertiti, the "Perfect Woman"
The Hittites and the End of an Era (ca 1640-1100 B.C.)
Listening to the Past: A Quest for Immortality
2. Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East (ca. 1100-513 B.C.)
Disruption and Diffusion
Individuals in Society: Wen-Amon
The Children of Israel
Assyria, the Military Monarchy
Mapping the Past: Map 2.2 The Assyrian and Persian Empires
The Empire of the Persian Kings
Listening to the Past: The Covenant Between Yahweh and the Hebrews
3. Classical Greece (ca 1650-338 B.C.)
Hellas: The Land
The Polis
The Archaic Age (800-500 B.C.)
The Classical Period (500-338 B.C.)
Mapping the Past: Map 3.3 The Peloponnesian War
Individuals in Society: Aspasia
The Final Act (404-338 B.C.)
Listening to the Past: The Great Plague at Athens, 430 B.C.
4. The Hellenistic World (336-146 B.C.)
Alexander and the Great Crusade
Alexander's Legacy
Mapping the Past: Map 4.2 The Hellenistic World
The Spread of Hellenism
The Economic Scope of the Hellenistic World
Hellenistic Intellectual Advances
Individuals in Society: Archimedes and the Practical Application of Science
Listening to the Past: Alexander and the Brotherhood of Man
5. The Rise of Rome, ca 750-44 B.C.
The Roman Republic
Roman Expansion
Mapping the Past: Map 5.2 Roman Expansion During the Republic
Old Values and Greek Culture
The Late Republic (133-31 B.C.)
Individuals in Society: Quintus Sertorius
Listening to the Past: A Magic Charm
6. The Pax Romana (31 B.C.-A.D. 450)
Augustus's Settlement (31 B.C.-A.D. 14)
The Coming of Christianity
Augustus's Successors
Life in the "Golden Age"
Individuals in Society: Bithus, a Typical Roman Soldier
Images in Society: The Roman Villa at Chedworth
Rome in Disarray and Recovery (A.D. 177-450)
Mapping the Past: Map 6.3 The Economic Aspect of the Pax Romana
Listening to the Past: Rome Extends Its Citizenship
7. Late Antiquity: 350-600
The Byzantine Empire
Individuals in Society: Theodora of Constantinople
The Growth of the Christian Church
Christian Ideas and Practices
Christian Missionaries and Conversion
Migrating Peoples
Mapping the Past: Map 7.3 The Barbarian Migrations
Barbarian Society
Listening to the Past: The Conversion of Clovis
8. Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1000
The Spread of Islam
The Frankish Kingdom
The Empire of Charlemagne
Individuals in Society: Ebo of Reims
Early Medieval Culture and Society
Invasions and Migrations
Mapping the Past: Map 8.4 Invasions and Migrations of the Ninth Century
Listening to the Past: Feudal Homage and Fealty
9. State and Church in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300
Political Revival
Finance
Law and Justice
The Papacy
The Crusades
Mapping the Past: Map 9.4 The Routes of the Crusades
Individuals in Society: The Jews of Speyer: A Collective Biography
The Expansion of Christianity
Listening to the Past: An Arab View of the Crusades
10. The Changing Life of the People in the High Middle Ages
Village Life
Popular Religion
Nobles
Monasteries and Convents
Individuals in Society: Hildegard of Bingen
Mapping the Past: Map 10.1 Cistercian Expansion
Listening to the Past: The Pilgrim's Guide to Santiago de Compostela
11. The Creativity and Challenges of Medieval Cities
Towns and Economic Revival
Mapping the Past: Map 11.1 Population of European Urban Areas, ca Late Thirteenth Century
Individuals in Society: Francesco Datini
Medieval Universities
Vernacular Culture
Architecture and Art
Images in Society: From Romanesque to Gothic
Cities and the Church
Listening to the Past: Courtly Love
12. The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages, 1300-1450
Prelude to Disaster
The Black Death
Mapping the Past: MapP 12.1 The Course of the Black Death in Fourteenth-Century Europe
The Hundred Years' War
Challenges to the Church
Individuals in Society: Jan Hus
Economic and Social Change
Listening to the Past: Christine de Pizan
13. European Society in the Age of the Renaissance, 1350-1550
Economic and Political Developments
Intellectual Change
Mapping the Past: Map 13.2 The Growth of Printing in Europe
Art and the Artist
Individuals in Society: Leonardo da Vinci
Social Hierarchies
Politics and the State in the Renaissance (ca 1450-1521)
Listening to the Past: An Age of Gold
14. Reformations and Religious Wars, 1500-1600
The Early Reformation
Images in Society: Art in the Reformation
The Reformation and German Politics
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation
The Catholic Reformation
Mapping the Past: Map 14.2 Religious Divisions in Europe
Individuals in Society: Teresa of Ávila
Religious Violence
Listening to the Past: Martin Luther, On Christian Liberty
15. European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650
World Contacts Before Columbus
The European Voyages of Discovery
Mapping the Past: Map 15.2 Overseas Exploration and Conquest, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
Europe and the World After Columbus
Individuals in Society: Juan de Pareja
Changing Attitudes and Beliefs
Listening to the Past: Columbus Describes His First Voyage
16. Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Western Europe, ca 1589-1715
Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding
Absolutism in France and Spain
Mapping the Past: Map 16.2 Europe in 1715
The Culture of Absolutism
Constitutionalism
Individuals in Society: Glückel of Hameln
Listening to the Past: The Court at Versailles
17. Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe to 1740
Warfare and Social Change in Central and Eastern Europe
The Rise of Austria and Prussia
Images in Society: Absolutist Palace Building
The Development of Russia and the Ottoman Empire
Mapping the Past: Map 17.3 The Expansion of Russia to 1725
Individuals in Society: Hürrem
Listening to the Past: A Foreign Traveller in Russia
18. Toward a New Worldview, 1540-1789
The Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment and Absolutism
Mapping the Past: Map 18.1 The Partition of Poland and Russia's Expansion, 1772-1795
Individuals in Society: Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish Enlightenment
Listening to the Past: Voltaire on Religion
19. The Expansion of Europe in the Eighteenth Century
Agriculture and the Land
The Beginning of the Population Explosion
Cottage Industry and Urban Guilds
Mapping the Past: Map 19.1 Industry and Population in Eighteenth-Century Europe
Building the World Economy
Images in Society: London: The Remaking of a Great City
Individuals in Society: Olaudah Equiano
Listening to the Past: The Debate over the Guilds
20. The Changing Life of the People
Marriage and the Family
Children and Education
Mapping the Past: Map 20.1 Literacy in France on the Eve of the French Revolution
Food, Medicine, and New Consumption Habits
Individuals in Society: Madame du Coudray, the Nation's Midwife
Religion and Popular Culture
Listening to the Past: A Day in the Life of Paris
21. The Revolution in Politics, 1775-1815
Background to Revolution
Revolution in Metropole and Colony, 1789-1791
World War and Republican France, 1791-1799
The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815
Individuals in Society: Toussaint L'Ouverture
Mapping the Past: Map 21.2 Napoleonic Europe in 1810
Listening to the Past: Revolution and Women's Rights
22. The Revolution in Energy and Industry (ca 1780-1860)
The Industrial Revolution in Britain
Industrialization in Continental Europe
Mapping the Past: Map 22.3 Continental Industrialization, ca 1850
Relations Between Capital and Labor
Individuals in Society: The Strutt Family
Listening to the Past: The Testimony of Young Mine Workers
23. Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850
Mapping the Past: Map 23.1 Europe in 1815
The Peace Settlement
Radical Ideas and Early Socialism
The Romantic Movement
Reforms and Revolutions
The Revolutions of 1848
Individuals in Society: Jules Michelet
Listening to the Past: Speaking for the Czech Nation
24. Life in the Emerging Urban Society in the Nineteenth Century
Taming the City
Mapping the Past: Map 24.1 European Cities of 100,000 or More, 1800 and 1900
Rich and Poor and Those in Between
Images in Society: Class and Gender Boundaries in Women's Fashion, 1850-1914
The Changing Family
Individuals in Society: Franziska Tiburtius
Science and Thought
Listening to the Past: Middle-Class Youth and Sexuality
25. The Age of Nationalism, 1850-1914
Napoleon III in France
Nation Building in Italy and Germany
Mapping the Past: Map 25.2 The Unification of Germany, 1866-1871
Nation Building in the United States
The Modernization of Russia and the Ottoman Empire
The Responsive National State, 1871-1914
Marxism and the Socialist Movement
Individuals in Society: Theodor Herzl
Listening to the Past: The Making of a Socialist
26. The West and the World, 1815-1914Industrialization and the World Economy
The Great Migration
Western Imperialism, 1880-1914
Mapping the Past: Map 26.2 The Partition of Africa
Individuals in Society: Cecil Rhodes
Responding to Western Imperialism
Listening to the Past: A British Woman in India
27. The Great Break: War and Revolution, 1914-1919
The First World War
The Home Front
Individuals in Society: Vera Brittain
The Russian Revolution
The Peace Settlement
Mapping the Past: Map 27.4 Shattered Empires and Territorial Changes After World War I
Listening to the Past: Arab Political Aspirations in 1919
28. The Age of Anxiety (ca 1900-1940)
Uncertainty in Modern Thought
Modern Art and Music
Images in Society: Pablo Picasso and Modern Art
Movies and Radio
The Search for Peace and Political Stability
Individuals in Society: Gustav Stresemann
The Great Depression, 1929-1939
Mapping the Past: Map 28.1 The Great Depression in the United States, Britain, and Europe
Listening to the Past: Life on the Dole in Great Britain
29. Dictatorships and the Second World War, 1919-1945
Authoritarian States
Stalin's Soviet Union
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
Hitler and Nazism in Germany
The Second World War
Mapping the Past: Map 29.2 World War II in Europe
Individuals in Society: Primo Levi
Listening to the Past: Stalin Justifies the Five-Year Plan
30. Cold War Conflicts and Social Transformations, 1945-1985
The Division of Europe
The Western Renaissance, 1945-1968
Mapping the Past: Map 30.2 European Alliance Systems, 1949-1989
Soviet Eastern Europe, 1945-1968
Postwar Social Transformations, 1945-1968
Conflict and Challenge in the Late Cold War, 1968-1985
Individuals in Society: Margaret Thatcher
Listening to the Past: A Feminist Critique of Marriage
31. Revolution, Rebuilding, and New Challenges: 1985 to the Present
The Decline of Communism in Eastern Europe
The Revolutions of 1989
Building a New Europe in the 1990s
Mapping the Past: Map 31.3 Contemporary Europe
New Challenges in the Twenty-first Century
The West and the Islamic World
Individuals in Society: Tariq Ramadan
The Future in Perspective
Listening to the Past: The French Riots: Will They Change Anything?