Preface
Prologue: Antiquity
Music in the Biblical World
Ancient Greece
Music in Ancient Greek Society
Greek Musical Theory
Music in the Roman Empire
The Musical Legacies of Antiquity
Music and the Cosmos
Music and the Soul
Music and the State
Theory versus Practice
Vocal versus Instrumental Music
Discussion Questions
Part I The Medieval Era
Prelude to Part I
CHAPTER 1: Plainchant and Secular Monophony
The Emergence of Plainchant
The Elements of Plainchant
Liturgical Function
Relationship of Words and Music
Mode
Melodic Structure
Rhythm
The Expansion of Plainchant
Secular Monophony
Songs in Latin
France
The Iberian Peninsula
Germany
CHAPTER 2: Polyphony to 1300
Orgunum
Innovations in Organum
Notre Dame Organum
Clausula
Motet
Conductus
Mensural Notation
Franconian Notation
Petronian Notation
CHAPTER 3: Music in the 14th Century
France: The Ars Nova
Le Roman de Fauvel
Polyphonic Settings of the Mass Ordinary
Secular Song
The Ars subtilior at the End of the
14th Century
Italy: The Trecento
England
Instrumental Music
Discussion Questions
Part II The Renaissance
Prelude to Part II
Renaissance Humanism
The Protestant Reformation
Renaissance Painting and Sculpture
Music in Renaissance Society
CHAPTER 4: The Emergence of Renaissance Style
Consonance and Dissonance: Trusting the Ear
Sonority: The Contenance Angloise
Fauxbourdon and Faburden
New Sonority, Old Structure: Du Fay’s Nuper rosarum flores
Josquin’s Ave Maria . . . Virgo Serena and The Style of the Renaissance
Treatment of Text
Texture
Cadential Structure
Mode
Melody
Rhythm
Harmony
CHAPTER 5: The Genres of Renaissance Music, 1420—1520
Sacred Vocal Music
The Mass: Du Fay and Ockeghem
The Mass: Josquin des Prez and His
Contemporaries
The Motet
Secular Vocal Music
Chanson
Frottola
Instrumental Music
Renaissance Instruments
Keyboard Music
Dance Music
CHAPTER 6: Music in the 16th Century
Secular Vocal Music
The Parisian Chanson
The Italian Madrigal
Secular Song in Germany, Spain, and England
Sacred Vocal Music
Music of the Reformation
Music of the Counter-Reformation
Instrumental Music
Intabulations
Variations
Freely Composed Works
Dance Music
Mannerism
Discussion Questions
Part III The Baroque Era
Prelude to Part III
War, Revolution, and Colonial Expansion
The Scientific Revolution
The Musical Baroque
CHAPTER 7: The New Practice
Searching for the Secrets of Ancient Greek Music
The Florentine Camerata
The Seconda Prattica
Music in the Baroque Era:
A Stylistic Overview
CHAPTER 8: Vocal Music, 1600—1650
Secular Song
Italy: The Madrigal
France: The Air de cour
Opera
Sacred Music
CHAPTER 9: Vocal Music, 1650—1750
Opera
France: Comédie-ballet and Tragédie en musique
Italy: Opera seria
England: Masque, Semi-Opera, Opera, and Ballad Opera
Sacred Music
Music in Convents
Oratorio
Motet and Mass
Cantata
Conceptions of the Compositional Process
CHAPTER 10: Instrumental Music, 1600—1750
Instruments of the Baroque Era
The Violin
Winds, Brass, and Percussion
Keyboard Instruments
The Orchestra
The Public Concert
Instrumental Genres of the Baroque Era
Sonata
Concerto
Suite
Other Keyboard Genres
Discussion Questions
Part IV The Classical Era
Prelude to Part IV
The Age of Enlightenment
War and Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Music in Enlightenment Society
CHAPTER 11: The Art of the Natural Music and the Idea of Nature
Music in the Classical Era: A Stylistic Overview
The Elements of Classical Style
The Illusion of Order
Form and Style in the Mid-18TH Century
The Emergence of Sonata Form
The Fantasia
CHAPTER 12: Instrumental Music in the Classical Era
The Language of Instrumental Music
Form and Genre in the Instrumental Music of the Classical Era
Sonata
String Quartet
Symphony
Concerto
CHAPTER 13: Vocal Music in the Classical Era
The Rise of Opera Buff
Opera Wars
Gluck and the Reform of Opera
Mozart and the Synthesis of Operatic Styles
Sacred Music
Song
Discussion Questions
Major Composers of the Classical Era
France
Great Britain
Italy
The Austrian Empire
Germany
North America
Part V The 19th Century
Prelude to Part V
Progress and Dislocation
Ideas and Ideologies
Reaction, Reform, and Revolution
The Musical World of the 19th Century
CHAPTER 14: The Age of the Tone Poet
Romanticism and the New Prestige of Instrumental Music
The Composer as High Priest
Originality and Historical Self-Consciousness
The New Dichotomy between Absolute and Program Music
Nationalism
The Growing Division between Art and Popular Music
Music in the 19th Century: A Stylistic Overview
CHAPTER 15: Orchestral Music, 1800—1850
Bigger Halls, Bigger Audiences, and Louder Instruments
The Symphony
Beethoven’s Symphonies
The Symphony after Beethoven
The Concert Overture
The Concerto
CHAPTER 16: Piano Music, Chamber Music, Song
Beethoven’s Piano Sonatas and String Quartets
Song
The Character Piece
The Virtuoso Showpiece
CHAPTER 17: Dramatic and Choral Music
Opera
Italy in the Early 19th Century: Rossini
Italy at Mid-century: Verdi
Opera and Politics
France: Grand Opéra and Opéra Comique
Germany: Weber to Wagner
The Elements of Wagnerian
Music Drama
Operetta
Choral Music
CHAPTER 18: Orchestral Music, 1850—1900
Music for Dancing and Marching
The Ballet
The Symphonic Poem
The Symphony
The Challenge of the Past: Brahms
Nationalism: DvoÇrák
The Collision of High and Low: Mahler
Discussion Questions
Major Composers of the 19th Century
France
Great Britain
Italy
Spain
Germany and Austria
Scandinavia
Bohemia
Russia
United States
Part VI The 20th Century
Prelude to Part VI
The Impact of Recorded Sound
Modernism: The Shock of the New
CHAPTER 19: The Growth of Pluralism from Homogeneity to Diversity
The Past Confronts the Present
Recorded Versus Live Music
Authenticity
The Uses of Music in the 20th-Century
Society
Music and the State
Music and Race
Music and Protest
Music Therapy
Ambient Music
Music in the 20th Century: A Stylistic Overview
CHAPTER 20: The Search for New Sounds, 1890—1945
Impressionism
Challenges to Tonality
Radical Primitivism
Nationalism
New Timbres
Chapter 21: Beyond Tonality
Atonality
Serial Composition
CHAPTER 22: The Tonal Tradition
Neoclassicalism and the “New Objectivity”
Orchestral Music
Film Music
Ballet
Chamber Music
Opera and Musical Theatre
The Oratorio
CHAPTER 23: New Currents after 1945
The Quest for Innovation
Combinarotiality
Dissonant Counterpart
Integral Serialism
Aleatory Music
Electronic Music
Minimalism
Postmodernism
Major Composers of the 20th Century
France
Great Britain
Italy
Spain
Greece
Germany and Austria
Scandinavia
Hungary
Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic
Poland
Russia and the Soviet Union
Latin America
United States
CHAPTER 24: The Popular Music of America and Its Influence
Before 1900
Ragtime and Blues
Ragtime
Blues
Popular Song
Jazz: to 1945
Jazz: after 1945
Country Music
The Folk Revival
Rhythm, Rock and Rap
Discussion Questions
Epilogue: Music at the Beginning of a New Century
Appendices
Glossary
Index