Synopses & Reviews
The development of the heart and vessels during embryogenesis depends on the complex interplay of various cell types and growth factors. The implementation of molecular tools has enabled us to analyze early steps in cardiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Furthermore the introduction of transgenic and knock-out techniques in mice, and the miniaturization of physiologic measurements to the mouse level has fundamentally changed our knowledge. Pathophysiology can be unraveled at the molecular level. The implications of various stimuli on specific membrane receptors can be analyzed. In response to receptor activation, interacting intracellular signaling pathways can activate or block transcription factors. The changes in gene expression lead to functional changes observed in the cardiovascular systems of animal models and humans. Changes in the level of gene expression and protein function in cardiovascular disease are discussed for the sarcomeric, calcium handling and ion channel genes. Furthermore, different approaches to the design of cell-type-specific gene therapy approaches for the heart and vessels are outlined.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors. Preface.
1. Cardiology Approaching the Year 2000. A Clinician's Look at Molecular Cardiology;
H.J. Wellens. Part One: Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression. 2. The Transcriptional Building Blocks of the Heart;
D. Franco, et al. 3. A Cardiac-Specific Troponin I Promoter. Distinctive Patterns of Regulation in Cultured Fetal Cardiomyocytes, Adult Heart and Transgenic Mice;
S. Schiaffino, et al. 4. Mice Deficient in Muscle LIM Protein (MLP) Reveal a Pathway to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure;
P. Caroni. 5. Regulation of Endothelial Cell Specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Gene Expression during Development and Disease;
T.M. Schlaeger. 6. Smoothelins: One Gene, Two Proteins, Three Muscle Cell Types ... so Far;
G.J.J.M. van Eys, et al. Part Two: Transcription Regulation. 7. Regionalization of Transcriptional Potential in the Myocardium: `Cardiosensor' Transgenic Mice;
R.G. Kelly, et al. 8. Human Troponin Genes: Transcriptional Regulation and Chromosomal Organization;
P.J. Barton, et al.9. Retinoid Signaling: Insight from Genetically Engineered Mice;
P. Ruiz-Lozano, K.R. Chien. 10. Ventricular Expression of the Atrial Regulatory Myosin Light Chain Gene;
P.A. Doevendans, et al. 11. Expression of Rat Gap Junction Protein Connexin 40 in the Heart;
W.A. Groenewegen. Part Three: Ion Channels and Gap Junction. 12. Sympathetic Regulation of Cardiac Delayed Rectification: Relationship to Cardiac Arrhythmias;
R.S. Kass. 13. The Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca
2+ Pumps in the Cardiovascular System;
A.-M. Lompré, et al. 14. Potassium Channels; Genes, Proteins, and Patients;
C. Alshinawi, A.A.M. Wilde. 15. Expression of Cx43 in Cardiac and Aortic Muscle Cells of Hypertensive Rats;
J.-A. Haefliger, P. Meda. 16. Genetic Engineering and Cardiac Ion Channels;
A.A. Grace, et al. Part Four: Intracellular Signaling. 17. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis;
T.I. Koblizek, et al. 18. Molecular Analysis of Vascular Development and Disorders;
P. Carmeliet, D. Collen. 19. Crosstalk Between the Estrogen Receptor and the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1) Receptor. Implications for Cardiac Disease;
Ch. Grohé 20. Expression of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins and Smooth Muscle Phenotype in the Adult Rat Aorta;
P.R. Kemp, J.C. Metcalfe. 21. Expression of the IGF System in Acute and Chronic Ischemia;
E. Deindl, et al. 22. Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Signal Transduction in the Cardiac Muscle Cell;
M. van Bilsen, et al. Part Five: DNA Transfer. 23. Reduction of Kidney Renin Expression by Ribozymes;
M.G.F. Sharp, et al. 24. Receptor-Dependent Cell Specific Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides;
E.A.L. Biessen, T.J.C. van Berkel. 25. Tissue-Specific Gene Delivery by Recombinant Adenoviruses Containing Cardiac-Specific Promoters;
W.-M. Franz, et al. 26. Catheter-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Adenovirus to the Vessel Wall to Inhibit Restenosis;
O. Varenne, et al. Index.