Meeting the highest standards outlined by ABHES and CAAHEP, this is the definitive clinical medical assisting book today! A unique body systems approach sets the stage for this modern and up to date clinical medical assisting book. material. Section I discusses the primary concepts and dynamics of medical assisting. The second section advances the student into the medical office, the physician office lab (POL), asepsis, and minor surgery. Pharmacology and medication administration are also addressed. The book moves on to the third section, diagnostic testing in the medical office. The fourth section covers medical specialties and testing, and the fifth deals with medical specialties. The sixth and final section covers nontraditional medicine.
Meeting the highest standards outlined by ABHES and CAAHEP, this is the definitive clinical medical assisting book today! A unique body systems approach sets the stage for this modern and up to date clinical medical assisting book. material. Section I discusses the primary concepts and dynamics of medical assisting. The second section advances the student into the medical office, the physician office lab (POL), asepsis, and minor surgery. Pharmacology and medication administration are also addressed. The book moves on to the third section, diagnostic testing in the medical office. The fourth section covers medical specialties and testing, and the fifth deals with medical specialties. The sixth and final section covers nontraditional medicine.
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Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Procedures
Section I: Introduction
Chapter 1: The Medical Assistant Profession and Health Care
Introduction
The Role of the Medical Assistant in Health Care
The History of Medicine
Early Healing Practices
Healing Based on the Supernatural
Hippocrates and Early Contributors
Ethics and Patient Rights
The American Hospital Association’s Patient Bill of Rights (1973)
Professionalism
Communication and Medical Terminology
Physical Requirements
Character
Health Care Members
Physician
Physician’s Assistant
Nurse
Other Health Care Team Members
Scope of Practice for Medical Assistants
Job Opportunities
Medical Assistant Educational Programs
Certification Examination
Chapter 2: Interpersonal Communication
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Communication
Verbal Communication
Oral Communication
Office Procedures
Telephone Procedures
English as a Second Language
Written Communication
Symbolic Language
Sign Language
Braille
Nonverbal Communication
Personal Space
Body Language
Eye Contact
Facial Expressions
Gestures
Posture
Listening
Developmental Stages of the Life Cycle
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
Barriers to Communication
Cultural and Age Factors
Defense Mechanisms
Chapter 3: Patient-Centered Care
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Patient- Centered Care
Wellness
A Holistic Approach to Health Care
The Mind- Body Connection
Pain
Types of Pain
Physical Pain
Psychological Pain
Phantom Pain
Pain Assessment
Pain Management
Patient Teaching
Patients with Special Needs
Assisting Patients with Various Special Needs
Physically Challenged Patients
Visually Impaired Patients
Hearing-Impaired Patients
Patients with Speech Impairments
Culturally Diverse Patients
Emotionally-Challenged Patients
Geriatric Patients
Chapter 4: Considerations of Extended Life
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Extended Life Care
Organ and Tissue Donations
Organ and Tissue Harvesting
Donation Issues and Concerns
Transplant Costs
Organ and Tissue Donation Rules and Regulations
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
Hospitals
Advance Medical Directives and Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
Living Wills
Life-Prolonging Declarations
Hospice
Section II: The Clinical Environment
Chapter 5: Clinical Environment and Safety in the Medical Office
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Office Safety
Personal Safety Measures
Body Mechanics
General Office Safety
Emergency Plans
Fire and Electrical Safety
Disasters
Workplace Violence
Workplace Security
Incident Reports
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standards
Patient Safety
Exposure Control Plan
Standard Precautions and Infection Control Practices
Engineering and Work Practice Controls
Personal Protective Equipment
Housekeeping and Laundry Decontamination
Hepatitis B Vaccinations
Hazard Communication Program
Training and Record Keeping
Exposure, Post-Exposure, Evaluation, and Follow-up
Chapter 6: The Clinical Visit: Office Preparation and the Patient Encounter
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Clinical Visit
The Standard Medical Office
Prepare and Maintain Examination and Treatment Areas
Triage
Critically Ill or Severely Injured Patients
Consent
Informed Consent
Medical Records and Documentation
Third Party Providers
New Patient Medical Record Documentation
Procedure 6-1: Prepare and Maintain the Medical Record
Charting the Medical History and Client Visit
Patient History
Personal History
Past Medical or Health History
CC, or Chief Compliant
Present Illness
Assessment of Body Systems
Completing a Patient History
Procedure 6-2: Complete a History Form
Charting a Clinical Visit
Charting Procedures
Documenting a Client Visit
Procedure 6-3: Document a Clinical Visit and Procedure
Chapter 7: Medical Asepsis
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Infection Control
The Cycle of Infection
Natural Defenses Against Infection
The Integumentary System
The Immune System
General Health
Other Natural Defenses
Asepsis and Infection Control
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Infection Control and Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hepatitis
Patient Education
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Current Treatment
Caring for the HIV/AIDS Patient
Patient Education
Procedure 7-1: Hand Washing
Procedure 7-2: Nonsterile Gloving
Latex Allergy
Education for the Patient or Health Professional
Chapter 8: Surgical Asepsis
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Surgical Asepsis
Surgical Asepsis
Sanitization
Procedure 8-1: Sanitization
Disinfection
Sodium Hypochlorite
Phenolics
Alcohol
Glutaraldeyhde
Hydrogen Peroxide
Procedure 8-2: Disinfection
Sterilization
Autoclave Sterilization
Other Methods of Sterilization
Wrapping Instruments and Performing Sterile Trays
Procedure 8-3: Wrapping Surgical Instruments for Autoclave Sterilization
Procedure 8-4: Loading and Operating an Autoclave
Preparing the Surgical Field
Procedure 8-5: Opening a Sterile Surgical Pack to Create a Sterile Field
Procedure 8-6: Using Transfer Forceps
Procedure 8-7: Performing a Sterile Scrub (Surgical Hand washing)
Alcohol- Based Hand Rubs
Procedure 8-8: Sterile Gloving and Glove Removal
Chapter 9: Pharmacology and the Medication of Administrations
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Administering and Dispensing Drugs
Basic Pharmacology
General Effects of Drugs
Basic Functions of Drugs
Prescription versus Over-the-Counter Drugs
Drug Classifications
Controlled Substances
Drug Nomenclature
Drug Reference Sources
The Prescription
Safeguarding Prescription Pads
Procedure 9-1: Demonstrate the Preparation of a Prescription for the Physician’s Signature
Forms and Routes of Medication Administration
Parenteral Administration
Ampules and Vials
Procedure 9-2: Demonstrate Withdrawing Medication from an Ampule
Procedure 9-3: Demonstrate Withdrawing Medication from a Vial
Procedure 9-4: Demonstrate the Reconstitution of a Powdered Drug for Injection Administration
Intravenous Therapy
Procedure 9-5: Demonstrate the Administration of Medication during Infusion Therapy
Medication Measurement and Conversion
Dosage Calculation
Metric and Household Systems of Measurement
Calculating Pediatric Dosages by Body Weight
Safety Guidelines for Administering Medications
Procedure 9-6: Demonstrate the Preparation and Administration of Oral Medication
Procedure 9-7: Demonstrate the Administration of a Subcutaneous Injection
Procedure 9-8: Demonstrate the Administration of an Intradermal Injection to Adults and Children
Procedure 9-9: Demonstrate the Administration of a Z-Track Injection
Chapter 10: Vital Signs
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Initial Clinical Visit
Vital Signs
Temperature
Taking the Temperature
Thermometers
Procedure 10-1: Performing and Oral Temperature with a Digital Electronic Thermometer
Procedure 10-2: Performing an Axillary Temperature with a Digital Electronic Thermometer
Procedure 10-3: Taking a Rectal Temperature with a Digital Electronic Thermometer
Procedure 10-4: Taking an Aural Temperature with a Tympanic Thermometer
Procedure 10-5: Taking a Dermal Temperature with a Disposable Thermometer
Procedure 10-6: Performing a Radial Pulse Count
Procedure 10-7: Performing an Apical Pulse Count
Respirations
Procedure 10-8: Performing a Respiration Count
Blood Pressure
Procedure 10-9: Measuring Blood Pressure
Errors in Blood Pressure Readings
Weight and Height
Weight
Height
Procedure 10-10: Taking Height and Weight Measurements
Visual Acuity
Hearing Assessment
Preparing the Patient for a Physical Exam
Gowning
Draping
Positioning the Patient
Procedure 10-11: Demonstrate Patient Positions Used in a Medical Examination
Assessment Methods Used in an Examination
Assisting the Physician During the Examination
Procedure 10-12: Assisting the Physician with the Physical Examination
Recurrent Clinical Visits
Section III: Diagnostic Testing in the Medical Office
Chapter 11: Minor Surgery
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Office Surgery
Surgeries Performed in the Medical Office
Implied and Informed Consent
Preoperative Care and Patient Preparation
Setting Up the Room
Instruments
Changing and Grasping
Cutting
Dilating, Probing, and Visualizing
Procedure 11-1: Preparing the Skin for Surgical Procedure
Positioning and Draping
Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
Assisting with Minor Surgery
Procedure 11-2: Set up a Sterile Tray and Assist the Physician with Minor Surgical Procedures
Sutures and Removal
Suturing
Procedure 11-3: Assist the Physician with Suturing
Procedure 11-4: Assist the Physician with Suture or Staple Removal
Recovery/Postoperative Care
Patient Teaching and Dismissal
Wound Healing
Dressings and Bandages
Procedure 11-5: Change a Sterile Dressing
Chapter 12: Diagnostic Procedures
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Diagnostic Testing
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)
Waived Tests
PPMP Tests
Moderate-Complexity Tests
High-Complexity Tests
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Procedure 12-1: Checking the Accuracy of Glucometer Results Using Quality Control Methods
Regulations and Laboratory Safety
Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
Safe Medical Devices Act
Hospital Laboratory Setting
The Physician Office Laboratory
POL Equipment
Centrifuge
Microscope
Electronic Equipment
Ordering Diagnostic Tests
The Physician’s Order
In-House Ordering
Precertification
Precertification by Telephone
Procedure 12-2: Obtaining a Precertification by Telephone
Scheduling with Outside Agencies
Screening and Following Up Test Results
Procedure 12-3: Demonstrating Screening and Follow-up of Test Results
Chapter 13: Microscopes and Microbiology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Specimen Collection
Microscopes
Types of Microscopes
Structure and Parts of a Microscope
Oculars
Objectives
Oil Immersion Objective
Arm and Focus Control
Light Source
Stage
Substage
Using the Microscope
Procedure 13-1: Demonstrate Using the Microscope
Microscope Maintenance
Microbiology
Scientific Nomenclature and Morphology
Normal Flora
Pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
Viruses
Preparing Specimens for Microscopic Examination
Preparing a Specimen Smear
Procedure 13-2: Preparing a Specimen Smear for Microbiological Examination
Performing a Gram Stain
Procedure 13-3: Preparing a Gram Stain
Preparing Wet Mounts
Saline
Potassium Hydroxide
India Ink
Specimen Collection, Storage, and Transport
Collection of Stool Specimens Fecal Culture Testing for Ova, Parasites, and Other Infectious Organisms
Fecal Occult Blood Testing
Procedure 13-4: Instructing a Patient in Collecting a Fecal Specimen for Occult Blood or Culture Testing
Culture and Sensitivity Testing
Performing a Wound or Throat Culture
Procedure 13-5: Performing a Wound or Throat Culture Using Sterile Swabs
Urine Cultures
Storage and Transport of Urine Specimens
Chapter 14: Hematology and Chemistry
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Hematology and Chemistry
The Anatomy and Physiology of Blood
Plasma
Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Blood Cell Formation
Immunohematology
Blood Collection Equipment and Procedures
Tourniquets
Blood Collection Tubes
Order of Draw
Venipuncture
Evacuated Tube
Needle and Syringe
Winged Infusion (Butterfly)
Procedure 14-1: Perform a Butterfly Draw Using a Hand Vein
Venipuncture Sites
Using the Evacuation System
Verifying the Orders
Obtaining Supplies
Identifying the Patient
Verifying Patient Preparation
Proper Patient Care
Procedure 14-2: Demonstrate a Venipuncture Using the Evacuation System
Capillary Puncture Collection
Performing a Capillary Puncture
Procedure 14-3: Demonstrate Performing a Capillary Puncture with Microcollection Tubes
Transporting Specimens
Performing Basic Laboratory Testing
Basics of Hematology Testing
Manual Tests
Performing a WBC and Platelet Count with a Unopette Vial and Hemacytometer
Procedure 14-4: Perform a WBC and Platelet Count with a Unopette Vial and Hemacytometer
White Blood Cell Differential
Preparing a Blood Smear
Procedure 14-5: Demonstrate the Preparation of a Blood Smear for a Differentiated Cell Count
Procedure 14-6: Prepare a Smear Stained with Wright’s Stain
Manual Hematocrit
Procedure 14-7: Demonstrate How to Perform a Microhematocrit by Capillary Tube
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Procedure 14-8: Demonstrate Performing an ESR Using the Wintrobe Method
Blood Chemistry Testing
Automated Chemistry Analyzers
Measuring Blood Glucose
Procedure 14-9: Demonstrate the Measurement of Blood Glucose Using AccuChek™ Glucometer
Measuring Blood Cholesterol
Procedure 14-10: Determine Cholesterol Level with the ProAct Testing Device.
Blood Typing and Grouping
Immunology Testing
Procedure 14-11: Demonstrate How to Perform a Mononucleosis Test
Section IV: Medical Specialties and Testing
Chapter 15: Urology and Nephrology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Urology and Nephrology
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Kidney Function
Urine Formation
Renal Diseases
Dialysis
Urinary System Infections
Neurogenic Bladder and Urinary Incontinence
Obstructive Conditions
Diagnostic Procedures
Urinalysis
Urinalysis Specimen Collection
Urine Containers
General Specimen Handling
Clean-Catch Urine Specimen Collection
Procedure 15-1: Demonstrate Patient Instruction for a Clean-Catch Urine Specimen
24-Hour Specimen Collection
Procedure 15-2: Demonstrate Patient Instruction for Collection of 24-Hour Specimen
Specimen Collection by Catheterization
Procedure 15-3: Catheterization of a Female Patient
Procedure 15-4: Catheterization of a Male Patient
Appearance
Odor
Specific Gravity
Procedure 15-5: Measure the Specific Gravity of Urine with a Refractometer
Urinalysis with Chemical Test Strips
pH
Specific Gravity
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Bilirubin and Urobilirubin
Blood
Leukocytes
Nitrite
Procedure 15-6: Perform a Urinalysis with a Chemical Test Strip and Prepare the Specimen for Microscopic Examination
Sediment Examination
Crystals
The Male Reproductive System
Anatomy and Physiology
Penis
Scrotum
Procedure 15-7: Demonstrate Patient Instruction for Testicular Self-Examination
Internal Structures
Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Diseases of the Prostate
Male Reproductive Disorders
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chapter 16: Medical Imaging
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Medical Imaging
Radiology
X-Rays
Radiographs and Contrast Studies
Procedure 16-1: General Procedure for X-ray Examination
Mammography
Angiography
Arthography
Cholecystography
Fluoroscopy
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Sonography
Nuclear Medicine
Equipment
Portable or Flouroscopic Equipment
Safety Precautions and Patient Protection
Radiation Shields
Limited-Scope Radiography
Scheduling Radiographs
Assisting with an X-ray
Patient Preparation and Instructions
Preparation of the X-ray Room
Terminology and Landmarks for Positioning
Preparing a Patient for a Mammogram
Preparing the Patient for Abdominal Contrast Studies
Filing and Loaning Radiographic Records
Procedure 16-2: Filing and Loaning Radiographic Records
Chapter 17: Cardiac Testing and Cardiology
Introduction
The Role of the Medical Assistant in Cardiology
Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
Heart Conduction
Diseases and Disorders of the Heart
Coronary Artery Disease
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Post-Myocardial Infarction
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Hypertension/Hypertensive Heart Disease
Congestive Heart Failure
Pulmonary Edema
Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias Resulting from Impulse Formation or Origin
Arrhythmias Resulting from Conduction Disturbances
Arrythmias Classified According to Consistency of Point of Origin
Arrhythmias Classified According to Prognosis
Treatment
Infective Heart Disorders
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Pericarditis
Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Valvular Disorders
Vascular Disorders
Phlebitis
Thrombophlebitis
Embolisms, Deep-Vein Thrombosis, and Thromboembolism Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis
Aneurysms
Raynaud's Disease
Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)
Diagnostic Tests
Electrocardiogram
Interpreting Waveforms on the ECG Tracing
Artifacts
Procedure 17-1: Perform an Electrocardiogram
Holter Monitor
Procedure 17-2: Applying a Holter Monitor
Stress Testing
Echocardiogram
Patient Preparation and Instructions
Thallium Scan
MUGA Scan
Blood Studies
Identifying Arrhythmias/Dysrhythmias
Chapter 18: Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Pulmonology
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Pulmonary System
The Upper Airway
The Lower Airways
Pulmonary Physiology
The Mechanics of Gas Exchange
Diseases and Disorders of the Pulmonary System
Lower Respiratory Obstructive Diseases
Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions
Malignancies
Mechanical Insults
Pulmonary Assessment and Diagnosis
Pulmonary Function and Other Common Diagnostic Testing
Procedure 18-1: Demonstrate Performance of Spirometry
ABGs and Pulse Oximetry
Peak Flow Testing
Procedure 18-2: Demonstrate Performance of Peak Flow Testing
Mantoux Test
Procedure 18-3: Demonstrate Performance of the Mantoux Test by Intradermal Injection
Inhalers and Nebulizers
Procedure 18-4: Demonstrate Patient Instruction in the Use of an Inhaler
Procedure 18-5: Demonstrate Patient Assistance in the use of a Nebulizer
Oxygen Therapy
Chapter 19: EENT
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in an EENT Practice
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye
Disorders and Diseases of the Eye
Diagnostic Procedures
Visual Acuity
Procedure 19-1: Measure Distance Visual Acuity with a Snellen Chart
Color Blindness
Procedure 19-2: Performing the Ishihara Color Vision Test
Eye Treatments
Procedure 19-3: Perform Eye Irrigation
Procedure 19-4: Perform Instillation of Eye Medication
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear
Diseases and Disorders of the Ear
Diagnostic Procedures
Simple Audiometry
Procedure 19-5: Performing Simple Audiometry
Ear Treatments
Procedure 19-6: Perform Ear Irrigation
Procedure 19-7: Perform Instillation of Ear Medication
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nose
Diseases and Disorders of the Nose and Nasal Passages
Diagnosis and Treatment
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat
Diseases of the Mouth and Throat
Diagnosis and Treatment
Chapter 20: Immunology and Allergies
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Immunology and Allergy
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System
Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System
Immunodeficiency Diseases
HIV/AIDS Transmission Prevention Strategies
Autoimmune Disorders
Hypersensitivity and Allergic Reactions
Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments
Chapter 21: Dermatology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Dermatology
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
Diseases and Disorders of the Skin
Congenital Skin Disorders
Infectious Skin Disorders
Fungal Skin Conditions
Pigmentation Disorders
Benign Neoplasms
Cancerous Skin Disorders
Miscellaneous Integumentary Conditions
Cosmetic Treatment for Skin Conditions
Chapter 22: Endocrinology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Endocrinology Office
Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System
The Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Disorders
Pituitary Gland Disorders
Thyroid Gland Disorders
Parathyroid Disorders
Disorders of the Pancreas
Adrenal Gland Disorders
Section V: Medical Specialties
Chapter 23: Emergency Care
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Emergencies
Emergency Resources
EMS
Good Samaritan Laws
Medical Office Preparedness
Emergency Equipment and Supplies
Crash Cart and Emergency Medical Box
Emergency Intervention
Emergency Assessment
OSHA Guidelines
CPR, AED, and Obstructed Airway
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Procedure 23-1: Perform Adult Rescue Breathing and One-Rescuer CPR
Defibrillation
Procedure 23-2: Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Heimlich Maneuver
Procedure 23-3: Respond to an Adult with an Obstructed Airway
Chest Pain
Administering Nitroglycerin
Respiratory Distress
Shortness of Breath
Procedure 23-4: Administer Oxygen
Hyperventilation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Pulmonary Edema
Shock and Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic Shock
Bleeding
Pressure Points
Application of Direct Pressure
Procedure 23-5: Demonstrate the Application of a Pressure Bandage
Internal Bleeding
Epistaxis
Open Wounds
Abrasions
Puncture Wounds
Impaled Objects
Soft-Tissue Injuries
Traumatic Injury Emergencies
Pressure Bandages
Procedure 23-6: Demonstrate the Application of Triangular, Figure 8, and Tubular Bandages
Thermal Injuries: Integumentary and Systemic
Integumentary Insults: Burns
Frostbite
Heat Exhaustion
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Fractures
Splint Application
Procedure 23-7: Demonstrate the Application of a Splint
Sprains, Strains, and Dislocations
Allergic Reactions
Neurological Emergencies
Decreased Level of Consciousness
Seizures
Cerebrovascular Accidents and Transient Ischemic Attacks
Head Injuries
Other Medical Emergencies
Acute Abdominal Pain
Diabetic Coma or Insulin Shock
Poisoning or Overdose
Poison Control Centers
Foreign Bodies in the Eye, Ear, and Nose
Psychosocial Emergencies
Domestic Violence
Sexual Abuse and Rape
Depression
Suicide
Rage
Alcohol Intoxication
Psychotic Behavior
Chapter 24: Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Gastroenterology Office
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System
The Functions of the Gastrointestinal System
Nutrition
The Food Guide Pyramid/MyPyramid Food Guidance System
How to Read a Food Label
Nutrition and Health
Factors that May Affect Caloric Intake
Obesity
The Effects of Alcohol on Nutrition
The Effects of Aging on Nutritional Status
Diseases and Disorders Involving Nutrition
Food Allergies and Food Intolerances
Diagnostic Procedures
Colonoscopy
Procedure 24-1: Assist with a Colon-Endoscopic Exam
Sigmoidoscopy
Procedure 24-2: Assist with a Sigmoidoscopy
Rectal Suppositories
Procedure 24-3: Inserting a Rectal Suppository
Patient Instruction in Nutrition
Therapeutic Diets
Chapter 25: Orthopedics and Physical Therapy
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Orthopedic Office
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System
Bones
Joints
Muscles
The Contraction of Muscle Cells
Common Musculoskeletal Diseases and Disorders
Neoplasia
Traumatic Musculoskeletal Conditions
Fractures
Other Traumatic Conditions
Amputation
Diagnostic Procedures
Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions in the Orthopedic Office
Splints and Braces
Casts
Cast Application
Procedure 25-1: Assist with Fiberglass Cast Application
Cast Removal
Procedure 25-2: Assist with Cast Removal
Physical Therapy Modalities
Thermodynamics
Procedure 25-3: Assist the Patient with Cold Application/Cold Compress
Procedure 25-4: Assist the Patient with Hot Moist Application/Hot Compress
Ultrasonography
Procedure 25-5: Assisting with Ultrasonography
Assistive Aids for Ambulation
Crutches
Procedure 25-6: Demonstrate Measuring for Axillary Crutches
Procedure 25-7: Assist a Patient with Crutch Walking
Canes
Procedure 25-8: Assist a Patient in Using a Cane
Walkers
Procedure 25-9: Assist a Patient Using a Walker
Prostheses
Body Mechanics
Procedure 25-10: Assist a Patient to and from and Exam Table
Chapter 26: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the OB/GYN Office
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast
The Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Disorders
Contraception
Infertility
Pregnancy and the Birth Process
Delivery
Obstetrical History
Procedure 26-1: Assist with a Prenatal Exam
Complications of Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Gynecological Diseases and Disorders
Assessing Vaginal Bleeding
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Breast Disorders and Conditions
Procedure 26-2: Instruct the Patient in Breast Self-Examination
Routine Assessment
Procedure 26-3: Assist the Physician in the Performance of a Pelvic Examination and Pap Test
Diagnostic Procedures
Procedure 26-4: Perform a Urine Pregnancy Test
Treatment Modalities
Cryosurgery
Procedure 26-5: Assist with Cryosurgery
Psychological Considerations
Chapter 27: Pediatrics
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Pediatrics
Physical, Developmental, and Emotional Growth of a Child
Monitoring Growth Development
Routine Visits (Well-Baby Checks)
Measuring Growth
Procedure 27-1: Perform and Record Measurements of Height of Length, Weight, and Head and Chest Circumference
Procedure 27-2: Perform and Record Pediatric Vital Signs and Vision Screening
Immunizations
Procedure 27-3: Perform Documentation of Immunization, both Stored and Administered
Storing Vaccines
Common Pediatric Diseases and Conditions
Common Contagious Diseases of Childhood
Congenital Neurological Disorders/Neural Tube Defects
Congenital Heart Conditions
Blood Disorders
Other Conditions
Diagnostic Procedures
Positioning and Securing the Child for Examination and Treatment
Pediatric Urine Collection
Procedure 27-4: Perform Urine Collection with a Pediatric Urine Collection Bag
Chapter 28: Neurology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in Neurology and Neurosurgery
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Neuron
Functions of the Nervous System
Assessing the Neurological System
Procedure 28-1: Assisting in a Neurological Exam
The Glasgow Coma Scale
Lumbar Punctures
Procedure 28-2: Assisting with a Lumbar Puncture
Electroencephalography
Procedure 28-3: Preparing a Patient for an Electroencephalogram
Disorders and Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Cerebrovascular Accidents
Transient Ischemic Attack
Epilepsy
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Parkinson’s Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Headache
Infectious Conditions of the Central Nervous System
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Brain Abscess
Brain Tumors
Head Trauma
Concussions and Contusions
Spinal Cord Injuries
Disk Disorders
Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System
Bell’s Palsy
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Chapter 29: Mental Health
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Medical Health Field
The Anatomy and Physiology of Cognitive Functioning
Mental Wellness
General Mental Disorders
Schizophrenia
Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Postpartum Depression
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Personality Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder
Phobic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Somatoform Disorders
Somatization Disorders
Conversion Disorder
Hypochondriasis
Factitious Disorders
Gender Identity Disorder
Mental Retardation
Dementia
Alzheimer’s Diisease
Vascular Dementia
Dementia Due to Head Trauma
Mental Disorders Occurring during Childhood
Substance-Related Disorders
Assessment and Diagnosis
Standard Treatments for Mental Disorders
Chapter 30: Oncology
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Oncology Practice
The Classification and Physiology of Cancers
Diagnostic Procedures
Routine Diagnostic Screening
Tumor Markers
Staging and Grading Malignant Tumors
Cancer Treatment
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Surgery
Hormone Therapy and Immunotherapy
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Recent Developments in Cancer Treatment
Hospice and Emotional Support
The Cancer Prevention Lifestyle
Chapter 31: Geriatrics
Introduction
The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Geriatric Office
The Aging Process
Physical Aspects of Aging
Social and Psychological Aspects of Aging
Procedure 31-1: Role-play Sensorimotor Changes of the Elderly
Nutritional Aspects of Aging
Economic Aspects of Aging
Cultural Views of Aging
Promoting Health among the Elderly
Section VI: Nontraditional Medicine
Chapter 32: Alternative Medicine
Introduction
Complimentary and Alternative Medical Systems
Alternative Medicine
Ayurveda
Homeopathy
Naturopathy
Acupuncture
Mind-Body Interventions
Biofeedback
Biologically-Based Therapies
Aromatherapy
Herbal Medicine
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
Hydrotherapy
Acupressure
Chiropractic
Craniosacral Therapy
Exercise
Reflexology
Massage
Lympathic Massage
Sports Massage
Swedish Massage
Energy Therapies
Appendix A: The Patient Care Partnership: Understanding Expectations, Rights and Responsibilities
Appendix B: Pharmacology: Medical Abbreviations
Appendix C: Normal Blood Values/Disease Conditions Evaluated for Abnormal Values
Appendix D: AAMA Role Delineation Chart and correlation of text to AAMA Role Delineation Chart
Appendix E: CAAHEP Standards for Curriculum and correlation of text to CAAHEP Standards
Appendix F: Registered Medical Assistant (RMA) [AMT] Medical Assisting Task List
Appendix G: Growth Charts
Appendix H: Immunization Schedules
Appendix I: Answers to Case Studies
Glossary
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