1. Background.
The Residential Broadband Pipe.
ISDN and DSL.
Cable Access to the Internet.
Hybrid Fiber Coax Networks.
Customer Premise Equipment.
Home Networks.
The PacketCable Project.
PacketCable Architecture.
Packet Technology.
Protocol Stacks.
Placing a Call in a Packet Network.
PacketCable and the Internet.
The Rest of the Book.
2. Security.
Classes of Attack.
Theft of Service.
Denial of Service.
Invasion of Privacy.
Security and Conventional Telephony.
Security in Digital Networks.
Security Concepts.
Cryptographic Security.
Cryptographic Algorithms.
Cryptographic Hashes.
Nonces.
Keys.
Key Management.
Public Key Cryptography.
Digital Signatures.
Certificates.
Conventional Cryptography.
Kerberos.
PKINIT.
Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
Specific Security Mechanisms and Algorithms.
Ipsec.
The Security Parameter Index (SPI).
IPsec internals.
Ciphers.
DES and 3DES.
RSA.
RC4.
Message Authentication Codes.
Multilinear Modular Hash (MMH).
HMACs.
X.509 Certificates.
Format of X.509 Certificates.
PacketCable Certificate Hierarchies.
MTA Root Certificate.
MTA Manufacturer Certificate.
MTA Device Certificate.
IP Telephony Root Certificate.
Telephony Service Provider Certificate.
Local System Certificate.
MTA Telephony Certificate.
Certificate Revocation.
Other Certificates.
Ticket Granting Server Certificate.
Provisioning Server Certificate.
3. The Access Link.
The DOCSIS Specifications.
Overview of the Cable Access Network.
Initialization.
Downstream Synchronization.
Obtaining Upstream Parameters.
Ranging.
Establishing IP Connectivity.
Synchronizing Time of Day.
Transferring Operational Parameters.
Registering.
Initializing Baseline Privacy Plus.
DOCSIS Protocol Layers.
Physical Media Dependent Sublayer.
Modulation Schemes.
Time Slices.
Upstream Transmission.
Downstream Data Flow Through a Cable Modem.
Media Access Control Layer.
MAC Header Format.
MAC Packet Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Format.
Specialized MAC Headers.
Format of MAC Management Messages.
MAC Management.
Service Identifiers and Service Flow Identifiers.
Time Synchronization Message (SYNC).
Upstream Channel Descriptor (UCD).
Ranging.
Ranging Request (RNG-REQ).
Ranging Response (RNG-RSP).
Upstream Bandwidth Allocation Map (MAP).
MAP Information Elements.
Example Upstream Bandwidth Allocation.
Contention Rsolution.
The MAP Message.
Quality Service (QoS).
Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS).
Real-Time Polling Service.
UGS with Activity Detection (AD).
Non-Real-Time Polling Service.
Best Effort Service.
Committed Information Rate.
Dynamic Service Flows.
Baseline Privacy Interface Plus.
Security Associations in BPI1.
Baseline Privacy Key Management (BPKM).
Authenticating the CM.
The Authorization Key.
Obtaining TEKs.
Key Derivation.
TEK Encryption.
Lifetime of Keying Material.
Packet Formats.
The CM's X.509 Certificate.
BPI1 MAC Extended Header.
Where Do We Go From Here?
4. Network-Based Call Signaling.
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP).
Format.
Command Header.
Digit Maps.
Quarantine.
NCS and DqoS.
Event Packages.
Responses.
Response Parameters.
Response to CRCX.
Response to MDCX.
Response to DLCX.
Response to RQNT.
Response to NTFY.
Response to AUEP.
Response to AUCX.
Response to RSIP.
Encoding Session Descriptions.
Permitted Session Description Parameters.
Protocol Version.
Origin.
Session Name.
Connection Data.
Bandwidth.
Time.
Encryption Keys.
Attributes.
Media Announcements.
RTPMAPs.
Message Transmission.
Piggybacking Messages.
Provisional Responses.
Security.
Bearer-Channel Security.
Encoded RTP Format.
Encrypting RTP Packets.
Key Derivation Function.
Procedure for Encrypting and Decrypting.
Key Management in NCS.
Basic NCS Call Flow.
Call Features.
Caller ID.
Anonymity.
Call Waiting.
Three-Way Calling.
5. Distributed Call Signaling.
Basic Call Flow.
Trust.
Intelligent MTAs.
Messaging
SIP Header Extensions.
INVITE (stage1).
DCS-CALLER.
DCS-ANONYMITY.
DCS-GATE.
DCS-STATE.
DCS-ALSO:
DCS-REPLACES:
DCS-OSPS:
DCS-BILLING-INFO:
DCS-BILLING-ID:
SIP Response Extensions.
SESSION PROGRESS.
SIP and DCS.
DCS URLs.
Supported Headers
SDP.
Protocol version (v=).
Origin (o=).
Session Name (s=).
Connection data (c=).
Bandwidth (b=).
Time (t=).
Encryption keys (k=).
Attributes (a=).
Media Announcements (m=).
Details of DCS Signaling.
Basic Messaging--INVITE and Its Variants.
Retransmission Strategy.
Establishing a Connection.
Message Number 1--INVITE(stage1).
Message Number 2--INVITE(stage1).
Message Number 3--INVITE(stage1).
Message Number 4--200 OK.
Message Number 5--200 OK.
Message Number 6--200 OK.
Message Number 7--ACK.
Message Number 8--INVITE.
Message Number 9--18x.
Message Number 10--200 OK.
Message Number 11--ACK.
Tearing Down a Call.
Implementing Features.
Mid-Call Codec Changes.
BLV and EI.
IP-Anonymity.
DCS and Personal Privacy.
6. Quality of Service.
DQoS and RSVP.
Customer and Operator Expectations.
Gates.
Resources.
Authorization, Reservation and Commitment.
Two-Stage Commitment.
Security and DqoS.
MTA and CMTS.
GC and CMTS.
CMS and CMTS.
DQoS and DOCSIS.
Codecs.
Buckets and Jitter Buffers.
Buckets.
Token Bucket Rate (R).
Token Bucket Size (B).
Maximum Transmission Rate (p).
Jitter Buffers 306
Flowspecs.
Flowspecs, DOCSIS, and SDP.
A Note About RTCP.
More About Gates.
Auto-Commit and Commit-Not-Allowed Flags.
Auto-Commit Flag.
Commit-Not-Allowed Flag.
Gate States.
Auto-Commit and Commit-Not-Allowed Flags.
Auto-Commit Flag.
Commit-Not-Allowed Flag.
Gate States.
Common Open Policy Service (COPS).
Intserv and Diffserv Networks.
COPS in PacketCable Networks.
COPS Messages.
Transaction-ID.
Subscriber-ID.
Gate-ID.
Activity-Count.
Gate-Spec.
Remote-Gate-Info.
Event-Generation-Info.
Media-Connection-Event-Info.
PacketCable-Error.
Electronic-Surveillance-Parameters.
Session-Description-Parameters.
Example PacketCable COPS Object.
Protocol Operation.
Gate Control Messages.
GATE-ALLOC.
GATE-ALLOC-ACK.
GATE-ALLOC-ERROR.
GATE-SET.
GATE-SET-ACK.
GATE-SET-ERR.
GATE-INFO.
GATE-INFO-ACK.
GATE-INFO-ERR.
Examples of COPS Messages.
Initialization of the COPS Connection.
Operation.
Allocating a Gate.
Setting (Creating) a Gate.
Querying a Gate.
Closing and Deleting a Gate.
Gate Coordination.
Format of Gate Coordination Messages.
Gate Coordination Message Contents.
GATE-OPEN.
GATE-OPEN-ACK.
GATE-OPEN-ERR.
GATE-CLOSE.
GATE-CLOSE-ACK.
GATE-CLOSE-ERR.
Example Gate Coordination Message.
Use of Gate Coordination Messages.
Example Call Flow.
7. Provisioning, Back Office and Electronic Surveillance.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
The Need for Network Management.
SNMP Architecture.
SNMP Messages.
Power-On Initialization.
Obtaining IP Connectivity Information.
Becoming Part of the Network.
MTA Configuration File Format.
Creating an IPsec Security Association with a CMS.
Wake-Up.
Rekey.
Event Messages.
Billing Correlation ID.
Types of Event Messages.
Event Message Format.
Attributes
Contents of Individual Event Messages.
Message #1: Signaling_Start.
Message #2: Signaling_Stop.
Message #3: Database_Query.
Message #6: Service_Instance.
Message #7: QoS_Start.
Message #8: QoS_Stop.
Message #9: Service_Activation.
Message #10: Service_Deactivation.
Message #13: Interconnect_(Signaling)_Start.
Message #14: Interconnect_(Signaling)_Stop.
Message #15: Call_Answer.
Message #16: Call_Disconnect.
Message #17: Time_Change.
Message #18: QoS_Change.
RADIUS.
RADIUS and Security.
RADIUS Message Header.
RADIUS Accounting-Request Format.
Example RADIUS message.
Electronic Surveillance.
CALEA.
Types of Wiretap.
The CALEA Framework.
Compliance with CALEA.
What May Be Tapped?
Wiretapping Architecture in PacketCable Networks.
Call Signaling.
Changes to Event Messages.
Message #1: Signaling_Start.
Message #6: Service_Instance.
Message #7: QoS_Start.
Message #8: QoS_Stop.
Message #15: Call_Answer.
Message #16: Call_Disconnect.
CDC Connection Between DF and CF.
DCD Message Formats.
Answer.
CCChange.
CCClose.
CCOpen.
Origination.
Redirection.
Release.
TerminationAttempt.
CCC Message Format.
Example Call Flow.
Complications.
8. Interworking with the PSTN.
Architecture.
Signaling.
Mapping.
Media Control.
Packages.
IT--The ISUP Trunk Package.
MO--The Operator Services Package.
MT--The MF Terminating Protocol Package.
Messages.
Example Call Flow.
9. The Future.
Changes to Current Specifications.
New Specifications.
Calls Utilizing More Than One CMS 501
Calls Utilizing More Than One Service Provider.
Automated Security.
New Codecs.
New Encryption Algorithms.
Non-Embedded MTAs.
Future Services.
Business Issues.
The MTA: Where Does It Belong, and Who Owns It?
Primary Line or Secondary Line?
Partially Compliant Networks.
NCS vs DCS.
Fiber to the Home (FTTH).
Putting it All Together.
Appendix A. Glossary.
Appendix B. Cyclic Redundancy Checks.
Appendix C. Standard Encoding.
Binary to Hex.
BASE64.
The BASE64 Algorithm.
Appendix D. Bearer-Channel Keying Material.
Index. 0201728273T04232001