1 Introduction 1
1.1 Importance of thermal radiation ............................................. 1
1.2 Nature of radiation ................................................................. 6
2 Black body and its characteristics 11
2.1 Solid angle - dco ...................................................................... 18
2.2 Spectral or monochromatic radiation intensity, IA, e . . . ............. 23
2.3 Spectral hemispherical emissive power .................................... 24
2.4 Radiation pressure ................................................................... 28
2.5 Relationship between the intensity, I and temperature, T 33
2.6 Planck's distribution ................................................................. 38
2.7 The Rayleigh Jeans distribution................................................ 39
2.8 Planck's distribution - salient features ...................................... 52
PROBLEMS ................................................................................... 65
3 Radiative properties of non-black surfaces 67
3.1 Spectral directional emissivity, '(A, T, 0, 0) ........................ 70
3.2 Hemispherical spectral emissivity, ), (A, T) .......................... 72
3.3 Directional total emissivity, '(T, 0, 0) .................................. 73
3.4 Hemispherical total emissivity, (T) ......................................... 74
3.5 Absorptivity, a ......................................................................... 84
3.6 Spectral directional absorptivity, a'A .................................................................................... 87
3.7 Hemispherical spectral absorptivity, a), (A, TA) ......................... 91
3.8 Directional total absorptivity, a(TA,0,0) ................................... 92
3.9 Hemispherical total absorptivity, a(TA) .................................... 93
3.10 Reflectivity, p ...................................................................... 100
3.11 Transmissivity, r .................................................................. 103
3.12 Spectral transmissivity r), (A, t) .............................................. 104
3.13 Optical pyrometry ................................................................ 110
PROBLEMS ................................................................................. 112
4 Radiation heat transfer between surfaces