Brief Contents Preface for Instructors
A Student's Guide to Using Foundations First
Self-Assessment Checklists for Revising and Editing Your Writing Unit One: Learning Strategies for College Success
Chapter 1 Practical Strategies
A. Orientation Strategies
B. First-Week Strategies
C. Day-to-Day Strategies
D. Note-Taking Strategies
E. Homework Strategies
F. Exam-Taking Strategies
G. Time-Management Strategies
H. College Communication Skills
I. Internet Strategies
Chapter 2 Reading Strategies
A. Becoming an Active Reader
B. Reading Written Texts
C. Reading in College, in the Community, and in the Workplace Unit Two: Writing Effective Paragraphs Chapter 3 Writing a Paragraph
A. Understanding Paragraph Structure
B. Focusing on Your Assignment, Purpose, and Audience
C. Finding Ideas to Write About
D. Identifying Your Main Idea and Writing a Topic Sentence
E. Choosing Supporting Points
F. Arranging Your Supporting Points
G. Drafting Your Paragraph
H. Revising Your Paragraph Chapter 4 Fine-Tuning Your Paragraph
A. Writing Unified Paragraphs
B. Writing Well-Developed Paragraphs
C. Writing Coherent Paragraphs
Chapter 5 Exemplification
A. What is Exemplification?
B. Writing an Exemplification Paragraph Chapter 6 Narration
A. What is Narration?
B. Writing a Narrative Paragraph Chapter 7 Description
A. What is Description?
B. Writing a Descriptive Paragraph Chapter 8 Process
A. What is Process?
B. Writing a Process Paragraph Chapter 9 Cause and Effect
A. What is Cause and Effect?
B. Writing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph Chapter 10 Comparison and Contrast
A. What is Comparison and Contrast?
B. Writing a Comparison-and-Contrast Paragraph Chapter 11 Classification
A. What is Classification?
B. Writing a Classification Paragraph Chapter 12 Definition
A. What is Definition?
B. Writing a Definition Paragraph Chapter 13 Argument
A. What is Argument?
B. Writing an Argument Paragraph Chapter 14 Moving from Paragraph to Essay
A. Understanding Essay Structure
B. Focusing on Your Assignment, Purpose, and Audience
C. Finding Ideas to Write About
D. Identifying Your Main Idea and Stating Your Thesis
E. Choosing Your Supporting Points
F. Drafting Your Essay
G. Revising and Editing Your Essay Unit Three: Writing Effective Sentences Chapter 15 Writing Simple Sentences
A. Identifying Subjects
B. Recognizing Singular and Plural Subjects
C. Identifying Prepositional Phrases
D. Identifying Action Verbs
E. Identifying Linking Verbs
F. Identifying Helping Verbs Chapter 16 Writing Compound Sentences
A. Using Coordinating Conjunctions
B. Using Semicolons
C. Using Transitional Words and Phrases Chapter 17 Writing Complex Sentences
A. Using Subordinating Conjunctions
B. Punctuating with Subordinating Conjunctions
C. Using Relative Pronouns
Chapter 18 Fine-Tuning Your Sentences
A. Varying Sentence Openings
B. Combining Sentences
C. Choosing Exact Words
D. Using Concise Language
E. Avoiding Clichés Chapter 19 Using Parallelism
A. Recognizing Parallel Structure
B. Using Parallel Structure Unit Four: Solving Common Sentence Problems Chapter 20 Run-Ons
A. Recognizing Run-Ons
B. Correcting Run-Ons Chapter 21 Sentence Fragments
A. Recognizing Sentence Fragments
B. Phrase Fragments
C. Incomplete-Verb Fragments
D. Dependent Clause Fragments Chapter 22 Subject-Verb Agreement
A. Understanding Subject-Verb Agreement
B. Be, Have, and Do
C. Compound Subjects
D. Phrases between Subject and Verb
E. Indefinite Pronoun Subjects
F. Verbs before Subjects
G. Avoiding Agreement Problems with the Relative Pronouns Who, Which, and That Chapter 23 Illogical Shifts
A. Shifts in Tense
B. Shifts in Person
C. Shifts in Voice Chapter 24 Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
A. Identifying -ing Modifiers
B. Identifying -ed Modifiers
C. Correcting Dangling Modifiers
D. Correcting Misplaced Modifiers Unit Five: Understanding Basic Grammar Chapter 25 Verbs: Past Tense
A. Regular Verbs
B. Irregular Verbs
C. Problem Verbs: Be
D. Problem Verbs: Can/Could and Will/Would Chapter 26 Verbs: Past Participles
A. Regular Past Participles
B. Irregular Past Participles
C. The Present Perfect Tense
D. The Past Perfect Tense
E. Past Participles as Adjectives Chapter 27 Nouns
A. Nouns
B. Recognizing Singular and Plural Nouns
C. Forming Plural Nouns Chapter 28 Pronouns
A. Identifying Pronouns
B. Special Problems with Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
C. Vague and Unnecessary Pronouns
D. Pronoun Case
E. Special Problems with Pronoun Case
F. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
Chapter 29 Adjectives and Adverbs
A. Identifying Adjectives and Adverbs
B. Comparatives and Superlatives
C. Demonstrative Adjectives Chapter 30 Grammar and Usage Issues for ESL Writers
A. Subjects in Sentences
B. Special Problems with Subjects
C. Plural Nouns
D. Count and Noncount Nouns
E. Determiners with Count and Noncount Nouns
F. Articles
G. Negative Statements and Questions
H. Verb Tense
I. Stative Verbs
J. Modal Auxiliaries
K. Gerunds
L. Placing Modifiers in Order
M. Choosing Prepositions
N. Prepositions in Familiar Expressions
O. Using Prepositions in Phrasal Verbs
Unit Six: Understanding Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling Chapter 31 Using Commas
A. Commas in a Series
B. Commas with Introductory Phrases and Transitional Words and Phrases
C. Commas with Appositives
D. Commas with Nonrestrictive Clauses
E. Commas in Compound and Complex Sentences
F. Commas in Dates and Addresses Chapter 32 Using Apostrophes
A. Apostrophes in Contractions
B. Apostrophes in Possessives
C. Incorrect Use of Apostrophes Chapter 33 Using Other Punctuation Marks
A. Semicolons
B. Colons
C. Dashes and Parentheses Chapter 34 Understanding Mechanics
A. Capitalizing Proper Nouns
B. Punctuating Quotations
C. Setting Off Titles
D. Hyphens Chapter 35 Understanding Spelling
A. Becoming a Better Speller
B. Ie and ei
C. Prefixes
D. Suffixes
Chapter 36 Learning Commonly Confused Words Unit Seven: Learning College Reading Skills Chapter 37 Readings for Writers *Sulaiman Addonia, How My Father Looked
Bobbi Buchanan, Don't Hang Up, That's My Mom Calling
*David Brooks, Pain, Agony, Despair: Flying with Children
Jose Antonio Burciaga, Tortillas
*Ruel Espejo (student), Learning Tagalog
*Henry Louis Gates, Jr., A Giant Step
John Hartmire, At the Heart of a Historic Movement
*Tony Hawk, Do What You Love
Macarena Hernández, America, Stand up for Justice and Decency
*Maxine Hong, Kingston, Photographs of My Parents
Arthur Miller, Before Air Conditioning
Sara Price (student), The Little Pretzel Lady
*Kent A. Sepkowitz, No Need For Speed
*Marion Winik, What Are Friends For? Marc Williams (student), The Online Alternative
William Zinsser, The Transaction Appendix A Building Word Power
1. Using a Dictionary
2. Word Power List
3. Your Personal Vocabulary List Appendix B Strategies for Workplace Success
1. Defining Your Goals
2. Learning about Job Openings
3. Marketing Yourself
4. Sample Job-Application Materials Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises
Index
Index of Rhetorical Patterns
Correction Symbols Parts of Speech Chart *new to this edition.