This unique volume provides fresh insights into the neuroendocrine systems that enable individuals to cope with their physical and social environments. Since the pioneering work of Claude Bernard and Walter Cannon on homeostasis and Hans Selye and John Mason on stress, there have been profound advances in biomedicine, and the regulation of gene expression has emerged as a major theme in connecting nature with nuture. With this has come an appreciation of the long time frame in which the environment produces both adaptive and maladaptive changes in an individual organism during the lifespan. Indeed, experiences early in life can have a life-long impact, and advances in behavioral and social sciences have interfaced with biology to reveal that the psychosocial environment shapes life-long patterns of neuroendocrine function and behavior, thus influencing physical and mental health. This book begins by discussing the two main stress mediators, the catecholamines and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It then deals with the neurobiology of fear, stress and coping and with biological aspects of stress and coping during the life course. Next it considers diurnal rhythms, sleep and immune defense mechanisms. Finally it discusses stress and coping in the social environment in both animal models and humans. The book should provide an intellectual framework for further integration of social, psychological, and biological sciences around basic concepts in physiology.
Part I: Primary Mediators of the Coping Response
1. Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of Adrenal Medullary Hormones: Physiology and Pathophysiology, James B. Young and Lewis Landsberg
2. Sympathetic Nervous System Physiology and Pathophysiology on Coping with the Environment, David S. Goldstein and Graeme Eisenhofer
3. Catecholamines in the Brain and Responses to Environmental Challenges, David S. Goldstein and Karel Pacak
4. Actions of ACTH of the Adrenal Cortex: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Peter F. Hall
5. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Synthesis and Cell-specific processing, Richard E. Mains and Betty A. Eipper
6. Regulation and Actions of Corticotropin-releasing Hormone, Stacie C. Weninger and Joseph a. Majzoub
7. Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Brain: Executive Gating of Neuroendocrine and Functional Outflow, Stephen C. Heinrichs and Errol B. De Souza
Part II: Fear, Stress, and Coping
8. Coping with Danger: The Neural Basis of Defensive Behavior and Fearful Feelings, Kevin S. LaBar and Joseph E. LeDioux
9. The Neurobiology of Interpreting and Responding to Stressful Events; Paradigmatic Role of the Hoppocampus, Bruce S. McEwen
10. Chronic Stress and Energy Balance: Role of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Adrenal Axis, Mary F. Dallman
11. Adrenocortical Responses to Stress and their Modulation in Fre-living Vertebrates, John C. Wingfield and L. Michael Romero
Part III: Stress and Coping During the Life Course
12. Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and the Stress Response, Calire-Dominique Walker, Kanwaljeet J.S. Anand, and Paul M. Poltsky
13. The Development of Individual differences in Behavioral and Endocrine Responses to Stress: The Roll of the Postnatal Environment, Christian Caldji, Dong Liu, Shakti Sharma, Melanie Bodnar, Darlene Francis, Paul M. Plotsky, and Michael J. Meaney
14. Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Actions in Stress and Brain Aging, Philip W. Landfield and James P. Herman
Part IV: Coping and Diurnal Rhythms and Sleep
15. Roles of Sleep-Wake and Dark-Light Cycles in the Control of Endocrine, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Cognitive Function, Eve Van Cauter and Fred W. Turek
16. Sleep: Influence of Hormones and Cytokines, Ferenc Obal, Jr. and James M. Krueger
Part V: Stress, Coping, and Immune Defenses
17. Regional Neural Regulation of Immunity: Anatomy and Functions, Karen Bulloch
18. Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Immune System Function: Regulation and Counterregulation, Robert L. Spencer, Brian A. Kalman, and Firdaus S. Dhabhar
19. Interactions Between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Immune System During Viral Infection: Pathways for Environmental Effects on Disease Expression, Andrew H. Miller, Bradley D. Pearce, Melanie C. Ruzek, and Christine A. Biron
20. Regulation of Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases, Kennichi Dowdell and Caroline Whitacre
21. Immunophysiology: The Interaction of Hormones, Lymphohemopoietic Cytokines and the Neuroimmune Axis, Sean Arkins, Rodeny W. Johnson, Christian Minshall, Robert Dantzer, and Keith W. Kelley
22. Environmental Factors and Disease: Stress and Cancer, Melissa K. Demetrikopoulos, Jay M. Weiss, and Ronald H. Goldfarb
Part VI: Stress, Coping, and the Social Environment
23. The Physiological and Pathophysiological Implications of Social Stress in Mammals, Robert M. Sapolsky
24. Social Ordering and Health, Marilee Coriell and Nancy E. Adler