Synopses & Reviews
UV and other forms of radiation cause severe damage to a wide range of materials from living organisms to manufactured products. Plastics materials and products exposed to UV light suffer weakening, discoloring and degradation. In this book, George Wypych provides a comprehensive reference guide to help those working with plastics to limit this damage and deterioration through the use of UV stabilizers.
The author begins with physics of radiation energy, transmission, and absorption and their effect on materials. The wide range of UV stabilizers available in the market is discussed in terms of their chemistry, physical properties, application specifics, and effects on health and environment. The mechanisms and functionality of stabilizers are discussed and explained through mathematical modeling. Stabilizers are evaluated from the point of view of their effect on other additives in mixtures, and on the efficiency of the materials they are used in. Suggestions are given regarding the selection of stabilizers for different products and polymers.
* A practical and comprehensive reference guide for engineers and scientists designing with plastics, and formulating plastics materials.
* Explains the effects of UV light on plastics, and how to mitigate its effects through the use of UV stabilizers
* Surveys the range of UV stabilizers on the market, and provides advice on their selection and use
Synopsis
This book, the first monograph fully devoted to UV degradation and stabilization ever published in English language, has 12 chapters, each discussing different aspect of UV related phenomena. In the introduction the existing literature has been reviewed to find out how plants, animals and humans protect themselves against UV radiation, and which lessons were already applied to the protection of man-made materials and final products, and which mechanisms work in living things but are not in the use of technical products. Photophysics is discussed in the second chapter to build understanding of physical phenomena occurring in materials when they are exposed to UV radiation. Potentially useful stabilization methods become obvious from the analysis of photophysics of the process but these effects are also combined with photochemical properties of stabilizers and their mechanisms of stabilization, and this subject is discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 contains information on available UV stabilizers. It contains a set of data prepared according to a systematic outline as listed in the Table of Contents. Stability of UV stabilizers, important for predicting lifetime of their protection is discussed in Chapter 5. Different reasons of instability are included in evaluation. Principles of stabilizer selection are given in Chapter 6. Ten areas of influence of stabilizer properties and expectations from the final products were selected for discussion in this chapter. Chapters 7 and 8 give specific information on degradation and stabilization of different polymers & rubbers and final products manufactured from them, respectively. 50 polymers and rubbers are discussed in different sections of Chapter 7 and 40 groups of final products which use majority of UV stabilizers are discussed in Chapter 8. In addition, more focused information is provided in Chapter 9 for sunscreens. This is example of new developments in technology. The subjects discussed in each individual case of polymer or group of products are given in Table of Contents. Specific effects of UV stabilizers which may affect formulation because of interaction between UV stabilizers and other components of formulations are discussed in Chapter 10. Analytical methods, which are most frequently used in UV stabilization, are discussed in Chapter 11 to show their potential in further understanding of UV degradation and stabilization. The book is concluded with the effect of UV stabilizers on the health and safety of workers involved in their processing and public using the products (Chapter 12).
About the Author
George Wypych has a Ph. D. in chemical engineering. His professional expertise includes both university teaching (full professor) and research & development. He has published 16 books: PVC Plastisols, (University Press); Polyvinylchloride Degradation, (Elsevier); Polyvinylchloride Stabilization, (Elsevier); Polymer Modified Textile Materials, (Wiley & Sons); Handbook of Material Weathering, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Handbook of Fillers, 1st and 2nd Editions, (ChemTec Publishing); Recycling of PVC, (ChemTec Publishing); Weathering of Plastics. Testing to Mirror Real Life Performance, (Plastics Design Library), Handbook of Solvents, Handbook of Plasticizers, Handbook of Antistatics, Handbook of Antiblocking, Release, and Slip Additives, PVC Degradation & Stabilization, The PVC Formulary, Handbook of Biodegradation, Biodeterioration , and Biostabilization, Handbook of UV Degradation and Stabilization (all by ChemTec Publishing), 47 scientific papers, and he has obtained 16 patents. He specializes in polymer additives, polymer processing and formulation, material durability and the development of sealants and coatings. He is included in the Dictionary of International Biography, Who's Who in Plastics and Polymers, Who's Who in Engineering, and was selected International Man of the Year 1996-1997 in recognition for his services to education.
ChemTec Publishing, Ontario, Canada
Table of Contents
Introduction; Effect of sunlight and various forms of radiation on materials; Properties of commercial UV stabilizers; Methods of control and analysis; Mechanism of actions; Compatibility with other components of formulation; Physical properties of stabilizers; Effect of stabilizers on performance of final product; Use of stabilizers in different industrial products; Use of stabilizers in different polymers; Effect of processing methods on stabilizer activity; Mathematical modelling in UV stabilization; Health and safety; Environmental effect