PART I. PHILOSOPHY AND THE MEANING OF LIFE
The Value of Philosophy, Bertrand Russell
*The Province of Philosophy, J.J.C. Smart
*The Absurd, Thomas Nagel
PART II. REASON AND RELIGION
Introduction
A. God and Evil
Why I Am Not A Theist, Bertrand Russell
God, Evil and the Best of All Possible Worlds, Gottfried Leibniz
Must God Create the Best?, Robert Merrihew Adams
The Ontological Argument, Saint Anselm
The Existence of God Proven, Saint Thomas Aquinas
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, David Hume
B. Faith and Subjectivity
The Wager, Blaise Pascal
Against Objectivity in Religion, Soren Kierkegaard
Kierkegaard's Arguments Against Objective Reasoning in Religion, Robert Merrihew Adams
PART III. KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY
Introduction
A. Classics of Epistemology
Meditations on First Philosophy, Rene Descartes
Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas of Sensation, John Locke
Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, George Berkeley
Of Skepticism with Regard to the Senses, David Hume
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume
B. Perception
*The Argument from Illusion, A.J. Ayer
The Argument from Illusion, J.L. Austin
C. Induction, Causation, and Scientific Explanation
The Problem of Induction, W.C. Salmon
Laws and Their Role in Scientific Explanation, Carl G. Hempel
Causality and Determination, G.E.M. Anscombe
*Gender and Science, Sandra Harding
How to Defend Society Against Science, Paul Feyerabend
PART IV. MIND AND BODY
Introduction
A. The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body
Descartes's Myth, Gilbert Ryle
The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds, Betrand Russell
The Nature of Mind, David Armstrong
The Nature of Mental States, Hilary Putnam
*Intentional Systems, Daniel Dennett
What Is It Like to be a Bat?, Thomas Nagel
*Eliminative Materialism, Paul Churchland
B. Minds, Brains and Machines
*Computing Machinery and Intelligence, A.M. Turing
Minds, Brains and Programs, John R. Searle
*Brains in a Vat, Hilary Putnam
C. Personal Identity
Of Identity and Diversity, John Locke
Of Identity, Thomas Reid
Of Personal Identity, David Hume
*Williams on the Self and Its Future, John Perry
D. Freedom and Determinism
Has the Self "Free Will", C. A. Campbell
Of Liberty and Necessity, David Hume
*Freedom and Determinism, Richard Taylor
*Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person, Harry Frankfurt
*I Could Not Have Done Otherwise: So What?, Daniel Dennett
PART V. ETHICS
Introduction
A. Moral Perplexities
A Defense of Abortion, Judith Jarvis Thompson
The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect, Philippa Foot
Some Paradoxes of Deterrence, Gregory Kavka
B. Moral Theories
1. Utilitarianism.
The Principle of Utility, Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill
Criticisms of Utilitarianism, E. F. Carritt
Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism, J.J.C. Smart
Utilitarianism and Integrity, Bernard Williams
Famine, Affluence, and Morality, Peter Singer
2. Kantian Ethics.
Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Immanuel Kant
Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems, Onora O'Neil
War and Massacre, Thomas Nagel
3. Aristotelian Ethics.
Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle
Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean, J.O. Urmson
Aristotle on Eudaimonia, Thomas Nagel
4. Justice.
*A Theory of Justice, John Rawls
Justice and Entitlement, Robert Nozick
Capitalism, Socialism and Justice, Kai Nielsen
*The Subjection of Women, John Stuart Mill
*John Rawls: Justice as Fairness--For Whom?, Susan Moller Okin
*The Message of Affirmative Action, Thomas E. Hill, Jr.
C. Challenges to Morality
1. Morality and Self-Interest.
The Republic, Plato
An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, David Hume
Morality and Advantage, David Gauthier
The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution, J.L. Mackie
2. Subjectivism, Relativism, and Skepticism.
The Subjectivity of Values, J.L. Mackie
*Ethics and Observation, Gilbert Harman
*Moral Explanation, Nicholas Sturgeon
PART VI. PUZZLES AND PARADOXES
Introduction
A. Assorted Puzzles and Paradoxes
1. Zeno's Paradoxes
Achilles and the Tortoise
The Racecourse
The Argument Against Plurality
2. Miscellaneous Puzzles and Paradoxes
The Paradox of Identity
The Paradox of the Heap
The Surprise Examination
The Prisoner's Dilemma
Newcomb's Problem
Goodman's New Riddle of Induction
3. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics
The Paradox of the Liar
Other Versions of the Liar
Russell's Paradox
Grelling's Paradox
B. Paradoxes and Antinomies
The Ways of Paradox, W.V. Quine
Appendices
Reading Philosophy
*Glossary