Widely praised by instructors for its captivating presentation of musical concepts, this landmark music-appreciation text continues to help transform students into active, insightful listeners. Authors Joseph Kerman and Gary Tomlinson, two of Americas leading musicologists and music educators, are both known as inspirational and wide-ranging teachers. Their diverse experience, lively writing style, and clear explanations of musical concepts make music approachable and engaging for students in the introductory course. Their text continually offers the highest quality recordings, the clearest Listening Charts, and the richest cultural contexts to inform students listening. Now the sixth edition of Listen extends its proven approach into the multimedia environment with new music, new media, and a new look, making it easier than ever to discover the best way to listen.
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Listen is neither too complicated nor too simplistic in its approach to the appreciation of Western music — it is just right for the average non-music major.”
— James E. Cunningham, Florida Atlantic University * New to this editionPreface: To the Instructor
Introduction: To the Student Music and History Listening
Unit I: Fundamentals
Listening *PRELUDE: An Orchestral Prelude by Richard Wagner
*LISTENING CHART 1: Wagner, Prelude to The Valkyrie CHAPTER 1: Music, Sound, and Time
1. Sound Vibrations
2. Dynamics (Amplitude)
LISTENING EXERCISE 1: Pitch and Dynamics
3. Tone Color: Overtones
4. Duration CHAPTER 2: Rhythm and Pitch
1. Rhythm
LISTENING EXERCISE 2: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo
LISTENING EXERCISE 3: Rhythm, Meter, and Tempo
2. Pitch
Interlude A: Musical Notation CHAPTER 3: The Structures of Music
1. Melody
Box: Characteristics of Tunes
LISTENING EXERCISE 4: Melody and Tune
2. Harmony
3. Texture
LISTENING EXERCISE 5: Texture
4. Tonality and Modality
LISTENING EXERCISE 6: Mode and Key
Interlude B: Musical Instruments CHAPTER 4: Musical Form and Musical Style
1. Form in Music
LISTENING EXERCISE 7: Musical Form
2. Musical Style
LISTENING CHART 2: Britten, The Young Persons Guide to the Orchestra UNIT II: Early Music: An Overview CHAPTER 5: The Middle Ages
1. Music and the Church: Plainchant Plainchant, Preface for Mass on Whit Sunday, “Vere dignum”
Plainchant, Gregorian Antiphon, “In paradisum”
Hildegard of Bingen, Plainchant Sequence, “Columba aspexit” 2. Music at Court
Box: How Did Early Music Sound?
Bernart de Ventadorn, Troubadour song, “La dousa votz” 3. The Evolution of Polyphony
Pérotin, Organum, “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia” 4. Later Medieval Polyphony Guillaume de Machaut, Motet, “Quant en moi” Global Perspectives 1: Sacred Chant
Quranic recitation, “Ya Sin”
Hawaiian chant, Mele pule
Navajo song, “Kadnikiniya” CHAPTER 6: The Renaissance
1. New Attitudes
Guillaume Dufay, Harmonized hymn, “Ave maris stella”
2. The High Renaissance Style
Josquin Desprez, Pange lingua Mass
3. Music as Expression
*Josquin Desprez, Chanson, “Mille regrets”
4. Late Renaissance Music
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Pope Marcellus Mass Thomas Weelkes, Madrigal, “As Vesta Was from Latmos Hill Descending
5. Instrumental Music: Early Developments
Anonymous, Galliard, “Daphne” Anonymous, “Kemps Jig”
Box: Dance Stylization
Global Perspectives 2: Music and Early European Colonialism
Inca processional music, “Hanaq pachap kusikuynin” CHAPTER 7: The Early Baroque Period
1. From Renaissance to Baroque
Giovanni Gabrieli, Motet, “O magnum mysterium”
2. Style Features of Early Baroque Music
3. Opera Claudio Monteverdi, The Coronation of Poppea
Box: Singing Italian
Henry Purcell, Dido and Aeneas
4. The Rise of Instrumental Music Girolamo Frescobaldi, Suite (Canzona, Balletto, Corrente, and Passacaglia)
Global Perspectives 3: Ostinato Forms
*Foday Musa Suso, “Laminba” Pygmy polyphony, Elephant-hunt song UNIT III: The Eighteenth Century CHAPTER 8: Prelude: The Late Baroque Period
1. Absolutism and the Age of Science
2. Musical Life in the Early Eighteenth Century
3. Style Features of Late Baroque Music
4. The Emotional World of Baroque Music CHAPTER 9: Baroque Instrumental Music
1. Concerto and Concerto Grosso
Antonio Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, Op. 4, No. 12
LISTENING CHART 3: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, first movement
LISTENING CHART 4: Vivaldi, Violin Concerto in G, second movement Biography: Antonio Vivaldi Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
LISTENING CHART 5: Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, first movement Biography: Johann Sebastian Bach
2. Fugue Box: Fugues, Free and Learned Johann Sebastian Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus 4
LISTENING CHART 6: Bach, The Art of Fugue, Contrapunctus 4
3. The Dance Suite
Johann Sebastian Bach, Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D (c. 1730) CHAPTER 10: Baroque Vocal Music
1. Opera
Box: The Castrato
George Frideric Handel, Julius Caesar (Giulio Cesare in Egitto)
2. Oratorio
George Frideric Handel, Messiah
Biography: George Frideric Handel
Box: Women in Music
3. The Church Cantata
Johann Sebastian Bach, Cantata No. 4, “Christ lag in Todesbanden”
4. The Organ Chorale
Johann Sebastian Bach, Chorale Prelude, “Christ lag in Todesbanden” CHAPTER 11: Prelude: Music and the Enlightenment
1. The Enlightenment and Music
2. The Rise of Concerts
3. Style Features of Classical Music
4. Form in Classical Music CHAPTER 12: The Symphony
1. The Movements of the Symphony
2. Sonata Form
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550
LISTENING CHART 7: Mozart, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, first movement
Biography: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
3. Classical Variation Form
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor
LISTENING CHART 8: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, second movement
Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn
4. Minuet Form (Classical Dance Form)
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, third movement
LISTENING CHART 9: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, third movement
5. Rondo Form
Franz Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, fourth movement
LISTENING CHART 10: Haydn, Symphony No. 95, fourth movement
CHAPTER 13: Other Classical Genres
1. The Sonata
*Francesca LeBrun, Sonata in F, Op. 1, No. 3
2. The Classical Concerto
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concerto in A., K. 488
LISTENING CHART 11: Mozart, Piano Concerto in A, K. 488, first movement
3. The String Quartet
4. Opera Buffa
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Don Giovanni
Global Perspectives 4: Musical Form: Two Case Studies from Asia
LISTENING CHART 12: Japanese gagaku, Etenraku
LISTENING CHART 13: I Lotring, Balinese gamelan, Bopong UNIT IV: The Nineteenth Century CHAPTER 14: Beethoven
1. Between Classicism and Romanticism
2. Beethoven and the Symphony
Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
LISTENING CHART 14: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5, first movement
LISTENING CHART 15: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 (complete work) Biography: Ludwig van Beethoven
3. Beethovens “Third Period”
Ludwig van Beethoven, String Quartet in F, Op. 135, second movement CHAPTER 15: Prelude: Music after Beethoven: Romanticism
1. Romanticism
2. Concert Life in the Nineteenth Century
3. Style Features of Romantic Music
4. Program Music
5. Form in Romantic Music CHAPTER 16: The Early Romantics
1. The Lied
Franz Schubert, “Erlkönig” (“The Erlking”)
Biography: Franz Schubert
Robert Schumann, Dichterliebe (“A Poets Love”)
Biography: Robert Schumann
Clara Schumann, “Der Mond kommt still gegangen” (“The moon has risen softly”)
Biography: Clara Wieck (Clara Schumann)
2. The Character Piece for Piano
Franz Schubert, Moment Musical No. 2 in A-flat
Robert Schumann, Carnaval
Frédéric Chopin, Nocturne in F-sharp, Op. 15, No. 2
Biography: Frédéric Chopin
3. Early Romantic Program Music
Biography: Franz Liszt
Biography: Felix Mendelssohn
Biography: Fanny Mendelssohn Hector Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony: Episodes in the Life of an Artist
LISTENING CHART 16: Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, fifth movement Biography: Hector Berlioz CHAPTER 17: Romantic Opera
1. Verdi and Italian Opera
Box: Early Romantic Opera
Giuseppe Verdi, Aida
Biography: Giuseppe Verdi
2. Wagner and Music Drama
*Box: Wagners Tristan and Isolde
*Richard Wagner, The Nibelungs Ring: The Valkyrie
Biography: Richard Wagner CHAPTER 18: The Late Romantics
1. Late Romantic Program Music
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
LISTENING CHART 17: Tchaikovsky, Overture-Fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
Biography: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
2. Nationalism
Modest Musorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition
Biography: Modest Musorgsky
Box: Other Nationalists
3. Responses to Romanticism
Johannes Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, Op. 77
LISTENING CHART 18: Brahms, Violin Concerto, third movement
Biography: Johannes Brahms
Gustav Mahler, Symphony no. 1
Biography: Gustav Mahler
LISTENING CHART 19: Mahler, Symphony No. 1, third movement, Funeral March
Global Perspectives 5: Musical Drama Worldwide
Japanese kabuki, Dojoji
Beijing opera, The Prince Who Changed into a Cat
UNIT V: The Twentieth Century and Beyond CHAPTER 19: Prelude: Music and Modernism
1. Progress and Uncertainty
2. The Response of Modernism
3. Literature and Art Before World War I
4. Modernist Music Before World War I CHAPTER 20: The Twentieth Century: Early Modernism
1. Debussy and Impressionism
Claude Debussy, Three Nocturnes
LISTENING CHART 20: Debussy, Clouds
Biography: Claude Debussy
2. Stravinsky: The Primacy of Rhythm
Igor Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring: Part I, “The Adoration of the Earth”
LISTENING CHART 21: Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, from Part I Biography: Igor Stravinsky
3. Expressionism
Arnold Schoenberg, Pierrot lunaire
Biography: Arnold Schoenberg
Alban Berg, Wozzeck
Box: Schoenberg and Serialism
4. Modernism in America: Ives
Charles Ives, Second Orchestral Set, second movement
LISTENING CHART 22: Ives, “The Rockstrewn Hills Join in the Peoples Outdoor Meeting”
Biography: Charles Ives
Charles Ives, The Unanswered Question
CHAPTER 21: Alternatives to Modernism
Box: Opera in the Early Twentieth Century
1. Maurice Ravel
Maurice Ravel, Piano Concerto in G
LISTENING CHART 23: Ravel, Piano Concerto in G, first movement
Biography: Maurice Ravel
2. Béla Bartók
Béla Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta
LISTENING CHART 24: Bartók, Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, second movement (Allegro)
Biography: Béla Bartók
3. Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland, Appalachian Spring
Biography: Aaron Copland
*4. The Rise of Film Music
Box: Music and Totalitarianism
*Sergei Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky
*LISTENING CHART 25: Prokofiev, Alexander Nevsky, Cantata 5: The Battle On Ice
*Biography: Sergei Prokofiev CHAPTER 22: The Late Twentieth Century
1. Modernism in Music: The Second Phase
Anton Webern, Five Orchestral Pieces of 1913
2. The Postwar Avant-Garde
György Ligeti, Lux aeterna
LISTENING CHART 26: Ligeti, Lux aeterna
Edgard Varèse, Poème électronique
Box: Modernist Music and Architecture
John Cage, 4 33”
*3. Music at the End of the Millenium *Steve Reich, Music for 18 Musicians
*LISTENING CHART 27: Reich, Music for 18 Musicians, beginning
Kaija Saariaho, From the Grammar of Dreams
*John Adams, El Niño CHAPTER 23: Music in America: Jazz and Beyond
1. Early American Music: An Overview
2. Jazz: The First Fifty Years
Biography: Ragtime: Scott Joplin
Sippie Wallace, “If You Ever Been Down” Blues
Biography: Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington, “Conga Brava”
Biography: Duke Ellington
Global Perspectives 6: African Drumming
Yoruba drumming, “Ako”
3. Later Jazz
Charlie Parker and Miles Davis, “Out of Nowhere”
Miles Davis, “Bitches Brew”
4. The Influence of Jazz and Blues
George Gershwin, Piano Prelude No. 1
Leonard Bernstein, West Side Story
5. Rock: The First Fifty Years
Global Perspectives 7: Global Music
Solomon Linda, South African popular song, “Anoku Gonda”
6. Conclusion *Appendix A: Timelines
Appendix B: Suggested Readings and Recommended Web Sites
Glossary of Musical Terms
Index