Contents
PART I INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL LANGUAGE 3
Chapter 1
The Structure of Medical Language 3
Welcome to Medical Language 5
Communication and Medical Language 6
Medical Words and Word Parts 7
Medical Language Origins 20
Medical Word Singular and Plural Nouns 21
The Health Record 22
Abbreviations 25
Chapter Review Exercises 26
Chapter 2
The Body in Health and Disease 33
The Body in Health 35
Body Planes and Body Directions Approach 35
Body Cavities Approach 42
Quadrants and Regions Approach 43
Anatomy and Physiology Approach 44
Microscopic-to-Macroscopic Approach 45
Body Systems Approach 45
Medical Specialties Approach 46
Vocabulary Review 52
The Body in Disease 62
Disease Categories 62
Onset, Course, and Outcome of Disease 63
Healthcare Professionals and Healthcare Settings 66
Healthcare Professionals 66
Healthcare Settings 67
Vocabulary Review 69
Abbreviations 74
Chapter Review Exercises 76
PART II MEDICAL SPECIALTIES AND BODY SYSTEMS 87
CHAPTER 3
Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal System 87
Anatomy and Physiology 89
Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System 89
Physiology of Digestion 96
Vocabulary Review 99
Diseases and Conditions 107
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 123
Medical and Surgical Procedures 127
Abbreviations 134
Drug Categories 133
Chapter Review Exercises 136
CHAPTER 4
Pulmonology • Respiratory System 153
Anatomy and Physiology 155
Anatomy of the Respiratory System 155
Physiology of Respiration 160
Vocabulary Review 163
Diseases and Conditions 169
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 180
Medical and Surgical Procedures 182
Abbreviations 189
Drug Categories 187
Chapter Review Exercises 191
CHAPTER 5
Cardiology • Cardiovascular System 205
Anatomy and Physiology 207
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System 207
Physiology of a Heartbeat 217
Vocabulary Review 219
Diseases and Conditions 229
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 241
Medical and Surgical Procedures 248
Abbreviations 257
Drug Categories 254
Chapter Review Exercises 259
CHAPTER 6
Hematology and Immunology • Blood and Lymphatic System 275
Anatomy and Physiology 277
Anatomy of the Blood 277
Physiology of Blood Clotting 286
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System 287
Physiology of the Immune Response 289
Vocabulary Review 292
Diseases and Conditions 300
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 310
Medical and Surgical Procedures 315
Abbreviations 320
Drug Categories 318
Chapter Review Exercises 321
CHAPTER 7
Dermatology • Integumentary System 337
Anatomy and Physiology 339
Anatomy of the Integumentary System 339
Physiology of an Allergic Reaction 344
Vocabulary Review 345
Diseases and Conditions 350
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 369
Medical and Surgical Procedures 370
Abbreviations 377
Drug Categories 376
Chapter Review Exercises 380
Chapter 8
Orthopedics • Skeletal System 395
Anatomy and Physiology 397
Anatomy of the Skeletal System 397
The Structure of Bone 411
Physiology of Bone Growth 419
Vocabulary Review 415
Diseases and Conditions 424
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 434
Medical and Surgical Procedures 436
Abbreviations 442
Drug Categories 440
Chapter Review Exercises 444
Chapter 9
Orthopedics • Muscular System 457
Anatomy and Physiology 459
Anatomy of the Muscular System 459
Physiology of a Muscle Contraction 472
Vocabulary Review 474
Diseases and Conditions 482
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 489
Medical and Surgical Procedures 490
Abbreviations 495
Drug Categories 440
Chapter Review Exercises 497
Chapter 10
Neurology • Nervous System 511
Anatomy and Physiology 513
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System 513
Physiology of a Neuron and Neurotransmitters 524
Vocabulary Review 526
Diseases and Conditions 536
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 553
Medical and Surgical Procedures 556
Abbreviations 562
Drug Categories 560
Chapter Review Exercises 564
Chapter 11
Urology • Urinary System 581
Anatomy and Physiology 583
Anatomy of the Urinary System 583
Physiology of the Formation of Urine 588
Physiology of Other Functions of the Kidneys 590
Vocabulary Review 591
Diseases and Conditions 597
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 606
Medical and Surgical Procedures 612
Abbreviations 619
Drug Categories 618
Chapter Review Exercises 621
Chapter 12
Male Reproductive Medicine • Male Genitourinary System 635
Anatomy and Physiology 637
Anatomy of the Male Genitourinary System 637
Physiology of Sexual Maturity, Spermatogenesis, and Ejaculation 642
Vocabulary Review 644
Diseases and Conditions 649
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 653
Medical and Surgical Procedures 655
Abbreviations 658
Drug Categories 657
Chapter Review Exercises 660
Chapter 13
Gynecology and Obstetrics • Female Reproductive System 673
Anatomy and Physiology 675
Anatomy of the Female Genital and Reproductive System 676
Physiology of Sexual Maturity, Oogenesis, Menstruation, and Conception 683
Physiology of Labor and Delivery 687
The Newborn 690
Vocabulary Review 691
Diseases and Conditions 701
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 714
Medical and Surgical Procedures 720
Abbreviations 731
Drug Categories 657
Chapter Review Exercises 734
Chapter 14
Endocrinology • Endocrine System 751
Anatomy and Physiology 753
Anatomy of the Endocrine System 754
Physiology of Hormone Response and Feedback 762
Vocabulary Review 764
Diseases and Conditions 771
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 784
Medical and Surgical Procedures 786
Abbreviations 789
Drug Categories 787
Chapter Review Exercises 791
Chapter 15
Ophthalmology • Eyes 805
Anatomy and Physiology 807
Anatomy of the Eye 807
Physiology of Vision 814
Vocabulary Review 816
Diseases and Conditions 821
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 829
Medical and Surgical Procedures 831
Abbreviations 839
Drug Categories 838
Chapter Review Exercises 841
Chapter 16
Otolaryngology • Ears, Nose, and Throat 853
Anatomy and Physiology 855
Anatomy of the ENT System 855
Physiology of the Sense of Hearing 864
Vocabulary Review 865
Diseases and Conditions 871
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 879
Medical and Surgical Procedures 882
Abbreviations 887
Drug Categories 885
Chapter Review Exercises 889
Part III OTHER MEDICAL SPECIALTIES 901
Chapter 17
Psychiatry 901
Anatomy and Physiology 903
Anatomy Related to Psychiatry 903
Physiology of Emotion and Behavior 905
Vocabulary Review 906
Symptoms, Signs, and Mental Disorders 908
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 922
Psychiatric Therapies 924
Abbreviations 927
Drug Categories 926
Chapter Review Exercises 929
Chapter 18
Oncology 943
Anatomy and Physiology 945
Anatomy Related to Oncology 945
Physiology of Cellular Division and Cancer 947
Vocabulary Review 951
Symptoms, Signs, and Types of Cancer 955
Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures 963
Medical, Surgical, and Radiation Therapy Procedures 967
Abbreviations 976
Drug Categories 974
Chapter Review Exercises 978
Chapter 19
Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 991
Anatomy and Physiology 993
Radiology 993
Nuclear Medicine 1007
Vocabulary Review 1012
Abbreviations 1020
Chapter Review Exercises 1021
APPENDICES
Appendix A Glossary of Medical Word Parts: Combining Forms, Prefixes, and Suffixes A-1
Appendix B Glossary of Medical Abbreviations A-17
Answer Key AK-1
Photo Credits PC-1
Index I-1