Contents
1 Basic Concepts of Microwave Radiometry
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Principal Concept of Remote Monitoring Technology
1.3 Microwave Emission from the Water and Land Surfaces
1.3.1 Brightness Temperature
1.3.2 Dielectric Constant
1.3.3 Emissivity Coefficient
1.3.4 Microwave Radiation Sensitivity to Variations of Basic Environmental Parameters
1.4 Remote-Sensing Research Platforms and their Equipping
1.5 Microwave Polarization Characteristics of Snow
1.5.1 Introduction
1.5.2 Theoretical and Empirical Tools for Studying the Microwave Irradiation of the Snow Layer
1.5.3 Experimental measurements
1.5.4 Analysis and Discussion of Empirical Results
2 Remote Sensing Technologies and Data Processing Algorithms
2.1 Microwave Methods
2.2 Physical, Theoretical and Experimental Background of Microwave Monitoring
2.3 Remote Sensing Technologies in Infrared and Optical Bands
2.4 The atmosphere Microwave Monitoring
2.5 Algorithms for Remote Data Processing
2.5.1 Data Reconstruction Using the Harmonic Functions
2.5.2 Method for Parametric Identification of Environmental Objects
2.5.3 Method of Differential Approximation
2.5.4 Quasi-linearization Method
2.6 Interpretation Technology for Remote Sensing Data
2.7 Multi-Channel Microwave Sensor to Measure Environmental Parameters
2.8 Direct and Inverse Problems of Microwave Monitoring
2.9 Interferometry Methods in the Geo-risk Assessment Tasks
3 Constructive Method of Vegetation Microwave Monitoring
3.1 The Information-Modeling Technology
3.2 Microwave Monitoring of Soil-Plant Formations
3.3 Links between Experiments, Algorithms, and Models
3.4 Microwave model of vegetation cover
3.4.1 Two-Level Model of Vegetation Cover
3.4.2 Analytical Model of Vegetation Cover
3.5 Microwave Radiation of the Soil-Plant Systems
4 Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture
4.1 Uncertainty and Risk Sources in Remote Sensing
4.2 Practical Microwave Radiometric Risk Assessment of Agricultural Function
4.3 Geoinformation Monitoring System of Agricultural Function
4.4 Microwave Monitoring of Soil Moisture
4.5 The State of Soils and Water Objects Evaluated by Means of Radiometry Methods
5 Vegetation Screening Effect in the Remote Sensing Monitoring
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Attenuation of Electromagnetic Waves in Vegetation Media
5.3 Measuring System for Retrieving Attenuation of Microwaves in the Vegetation.
5.4 Experimental Results
5.5 Theoretical Generalization
5.6 Conclusions and Discussion
6 Microwave Tools for the Diagnostics of Forest Fires
6.1 Wildfire Causes
6.2 Wildfires and Global Ecodynamics
6.2.1 Fires and Forest Ecosystems
6.2.2 Wildfires, Dynamics of the Biosphere, and Climate
6.2.3 Biomass Burning and Atmospheric Chemistry
6.2.4 Wildfires and Carbon Cycle
6.3 Microwave Radiometric Observations of Temperature Anomalies
6.4. Features of Microwave Monitoring of Wildfires
6.4.1 Microwave Model of the Wildfires
6.4.2 Fire Forest Risks
6.4.3 SHF-Radiation of the Forest Fires
6.4.4 Natural SHF-Radiation of the Peat Formations
7. Space Methods and Monitoring Tools for the Investigation of Aquatic Systems.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Microwave Radiometry in the Remote Monitoring of the Ocean
7.3 Application of Big Data Approach to the Study of Arctic Basin Pollution
7.3.1. Introduction
7.3.2 Geoecological Information-Modeling System
7.3.3 Modeling the Pollutant