Synopses & Reviews
The division of Kurdistan between three modern nation states - Iraq, Turkey and Iran - and the struggle of the Kurdish people for national rights have been constant themes of recent Middle East history. They are also issues which, particularly in Iraq and Turkey, have never been so pressing as they are today.
Kurdistan has been contested territory for many centuries: a perilous mountain tract through which trade caravans and armies have had to march, a bulwark against hostile powers and a source of defiance against state authority. From the 16th to the 19th century the Ottoman Empire and Persia vied to control the Kurds whose tribal leaders would compete in turn for state recognition.
During the 20th century, however, rapid political and economic transition and conflicting attempts by the Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish governments on the one hand and by Turkish nationalists on the other hand have radically changed the conditions under which the struggle for Kurdistan takes place.
In this detailed history of the Kurds from the 19th century to the present day, McDowall examines the interplay of old and new aspects of the struggle, the importance of local rivalries within Kurdish society, the enduring authority of certain forms of leadership and the failure of modern states to respond to the challenge of Kurdish nationalism. Drawing extensively on primary sources McDowall's book is useful for all who want a better understanding of the underlying dynamics of the Kurdish question.
Review
"[A] comprehensive, highly detailed history of the Kurds....Although unquestionably a valuable and well-written work, because of its scholarly nature it is highly recommended only for academic and specialized Middle East collections." Library Journal
Review
"[An] excellent overview....McDowall's book is, astonishingly, the first comprehensive study in English; as such, it's an impressive and important achievement." Stephen Howe, New Statesman & Society
Synopsis
In this narrative, the first comprehensive account of recent Kurdish history, David McDowall traces the roots of Kurdish nationalism from the collapse of the Kurdish emirates in the nineteenth century and the consequent crisis in tribal politics, through the post-1918 peace settlement for which the Kurds were wholly unprepared, to the slow emergence of an educated non-tribal class during the middle years of this century. This new class faced two enemies. Externally, it had to resist the recently established regimes in Iran, Turkey and Iraq, all of which equated modernization with state nationalism, ethnic subordination and centralization. Internally, it had to transform a society based primarily on the socio-economic ethic of tribal patronage to one based on ethnic identity. McDowall shows how in each of these countries the struggle has taken on its own characteristics, problems and prospects; why pan-Kurdish unity still proves so elusive; and how governments have used the internal fault lines of Kurdish society to impede national progress. He also explains why the Kurdish question is unlikely to disappear and examines the likely prospects for the future.
Synopsis
This comprehensive chronicle of Kurdistan and its people is a revised and updated edition of David McDowalls acclaimed exploration of recent events in Iran, Iraq and Turkey, and it includes developments in Western Europe following the capture of Abdullah Ocalan. The division of Kurdistan among three modern nation states--Iraq, Turkey and Iran--and the struggle of the Kurdish people for national rights have never been as pressing as they are today.
Synopsis
The division of the Kurdish people among four modern nation states--Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Iran--and their struggle for national rights have been constant themes of recent Middle East history. The Kurdish lands have been contested territory for many centuries. In this detailed history of the Kurds from the 19th century to the present day, McDowall examines the interplay of old and new aspects of the struggle, the importance of local rivalries within Kurdish society, the enduring authority of certain forms of leadership and the failure of modern states to respond to the challenge of Kurdish nationalism. Drawing extensively on primary sources McDowall's book is useful for all who want a better understanding of the underlying dynamics of the Kurdish question.
About the Author
David McDowall is an acknowledged expert on the Kurds and author of
Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond (IBT 1989).
Table of Contents
Introduction: Kurdish Identity and Social Formation *
The Kurds in the Age of Tribe and Empire * Kurdistan before the 19th Century * Ottoman Kurdistan, 1800-1850 * Ottoman Kurdistan, 1850-1914 * The Qajars and the Kurds * Revolution, Nationalism and War, 1908-1918 *
Incorporating the Kurds * Redrawing the Map * The Kurds, Britain and Iraq * Incorporating Turkey's Kurds * The Kurds under Reza Shah *
Ethno-Nationalism in Iran * Tribe or Ethnicity? * Iran * Subjects of the Shi'I Republic *
Ethno-Nationalism in Iraq * The Birth of a Nationalist Movement under Hashimite Rule * The Kurds in Revolutionary Iraq * The Kurds under the Baath, 1968-75 * The Road to Genocide, 1975-88 * Uprising and Self-Rule *
Ethno-Nationalism in Turkey * The Kurdish National Revival in Turkey, 1946-79 * The PKK and the Mass Movement