Sustainable tourism is not a static target, but a dynamic process of change, a transition. This book considers how monitoring using indicators can assist tourism to make such a sustainability transition. It encourages the reader to view tourism from a broad, interdisciplinary perspective and draws on material from a wide range of sources including ecology, global chance and the new and emerging field of sustainability science. The book explains why monitoring is important for different groups of stakeholders; public and private sector, NGOs and communities. It also examines important monitoring considerations such as what and where to measure, how much will monitoring cost and how the data can be presented. The book puts particular emphasis on indicator use and implementation. It highlights the process and techniques to develop and use indicators and then provides clear and detailed examples of monitoring in practice around the globe at different geographic scales.
Contributors
Acknowledgements
List of Boxes
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
Foreword
Indroduction
Part I: Introduction to Sustainabiltlity
1. Chapter One: Sustainable Development Introduction, Historical Context, Conservation and Environmentalism, Development debate, From Rio to Johannesburg, Sustainability Revised, Complex adaptive systems, Global Change, Applications for Sustainable Development, Sustainability Science, Adaptive management, Stakeholder participation, Monitoring, Summary
2. Chapter Two: Sustainable Tourism: Introduction, Historical Context, Advocacy, Cautionary, Alternative, Knowledge-based, Current Conceptualization of Sustainable Tourism, Sectoral Sale, Spatial Sale, Temoral Sale, Reconceptualizing Sustainable Tourism, Comprehensive approach, Stakeholder-driven, Adaptive, Summary
B Part II: Motivation For monitoring
3. Chapter Three: Private Sector Drivers: Introduction, Does Industry Have a Moral Responsibility to Promote Sustainability?, Is There a Business Case for Sustainability?, Consumers, Technological Developments, Public Relations Benefits, Ecoefficiency, Improve market conditions, The Role of the Finance Industry in Promoting Sustainability, Summary
4. Chapter 4 : Public Sector Drivers Introduction, How does Monitoring Assist Government?: Improve understanding, Track progress, Initiate dialouge, Develop partnerships, Effect on policy, How does Monitoring Assist NGO's?: Conducting assessment, Advocacy and campaigning, Resisting criticism, How does Monitoring Assist Communities, Who are the community, Limits to community involvement, Enabling community involvement, Summary
Part III: Monitoring Process
5. Chapter 5: Monitoring Using Indicators Introduction, Origins of Monitoring: Monitoring in a tourism context, Indicator Consideration: What to measure, What type of indicators?, How to organize indicators, Where to measure, How much does it cost?, How is the data presented?, Evaluation, Summary
6. Chapter 6: Developing Indicators Introduction, Planning for Indicator Development: Phases of development, Arrangements for stakeholder participation, Scoping Issues: Secondary Sources, Community visioning, Analysis of key issues, Identifying Indicators: Developing an indicator long list, Screening indicators, Summary
7. Chapter 7: Implementing Monitoring Systems Introduction, Piloting Indicators: Indicator fine-tuning, Data collection, Interpreting Results: Benchmarking, Indices and aggregation, Communication, Indicator Use: Implementation framework, Management response strategy, Review and evaluation, Maintaining the Monitoring Programme, Summary
Part IV: Introduction to Case Studies
8. Chapter 8: The World Tourism Organizations Introduction, Background to WTO Monitoring, Indicator Development Process, WTO Indicators, WTO Implementation: Cases: Beruwala, Sri Lanka, Kukljica, Croatia, Evaluation, Summary
9. Chapter 9: Tourism Optimization Management Model Introduction, Background, The TOMM Project, The TOMM Development Process: Context analysis, Monitoring programme,Management response system, TOMM Results,TOMM Implementations:Institutional arrangements and management structure, Funding, Evaluation:Committing to ongoing integration of data, Creating and maintaining awareness, Creating opportunities for the development of skills capacity and social capital, Lessons Learned, Summary
10. Chapter 10: Samoa Sustainable Tourism Indicator Project Introduction, Context: The South Pacific, Samoa Indicator Project: PAC, Sustainable tourism in a Samoan context, Soman-style indicators, Results of Samoa monitoring, Evaluation and Review: Process, Indicators, Outcomes, Current Status, Lessons Learned, Summary
11. Chapter 11: The Tour Operators' Initiative for Sustainable Development Introduction, Background to the Scheme, Development of the Scheme: Product management and development, Internal management, Supply chain management, Customer relations, Cooperation with destinations, Implementation and Evaluation, Summary, Acknowledgements
Conclusion Commentary on Guiding Principles, Discussion of Monitoring and Indicators, Further Avenues to Explore, Final Summary
References
Index