and#8220;Although it is of special interest to archaeologists, Riceand#8217;s compendium is also directed toward a wider audience, including social, physical, and materials scientists. Her broad work provides both an introduction to the topic and an exceedingly valuable asset to the most advanced researcher. . . . Riceand#8217;s excellent volume is a true sourcebook and will serve as the standard for many years to come.and#8221;
andldquo;A highly ambitious, well-organized, encyclopedic reference manual conceived on a broad scale and provides a holistic coverage not found in any other volumes.andrdquo;
andldquo;Rice has produced a magnificent synthesis that belongs on every archeologistand#39;s shelf. It is also an excellent textbook for students.andrdquo;
andldquo;This is the book that all of us interested in ceramic analysis wish we had written. Rice has written a well-organized and comprehensive review of the breadth of research being done in the field of ancient ceramic technology and vessel function, from design analysis to the latest advances in provenience studies in a framework where understanding the potter and the potterand#39;s socioeconomic milieu is the paramount objective.andrdquo;
andldquo;As a reference work about contemporary ceramic research, it can only be described in superlatives. Rice summarizes nearly everything happening in the study of ceramics today. Scholars and students alike will find something in the book related to their interest. . . . An important book.andrdquo;
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Boxes
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Note to Instructors
Part 1 Introduction
1 Pottery and Its History1.1 Pottery and Ceramics: Definitions and Products
1.2 The Earliest Pottery1.2.1 Pottery Containers: Why Pots?1.2.1.1 Hunting-Gathering-Foraging-Collecting1.2.1.2 Hypotheses and Models1.2.2 Software1.3 Pottery and Ceramics in the Old World1.3.1 Eastern Asia1.3.2 Western Asia/Near East1.3.3 Africa
1.3.4 Europe and the Mediterranean1.4 Pottery and Ceramics in the andldquo;Newandrdquo; World1.4.1 South America
1.4.2 Mesoamerica
1.4.3 North America
1.4.4 Pottery and Ceramics in the Colonial WorldPart 2 The Raw Materials of Pottery Making: Perspectives from Chemistry, Geology, and Engineering
2 Clays: Origins and Definitions2.1 Earth Materials2.1.1 Rock-Forming Minerals
2.1.2 Weathering and Clay Formation2.2 Definitions of Clays2.2.1 Granulometry
2.2.2 Depositional Situation
2.2.3 Chemical Composition
2.2.4 Mineralogy: Phyllosilicates2.2.4.1 Planar Phyllosilicates
2.2.4.2 Non-planar Phyllosilicates2.2.5 Commercial Uses2.3 Functional Definitions3 Plasticity: The Clay/Water System3.1 Water, Dipoles, and Ions3.2 Plasticity3.2.1 Factors Influencing Plasticity3.2.1.1 Particle Size and Shape
3.2.1.2 Surface Tension
3.2.1.3 Adsorbed Ions and Rigid Water
3.2.1.4 Clay Mineral Component
3.2.1.5 Deposit Location and Organic Matter3.2.2 Measuring Plasticity3.3 Ions and Organics3.3.1 Ions
3.3.2 Flocculation
3.3.3 Organics4 Non-clay Constituents4.1 Coarse Inclusions4.1.1 Three Common Minerals
4.1.2 Triaxial Bodies4.2 What Is Temper?4.2.1 Kinds of Temper
4.2.2 Problems in Terminology4.3 Distinguishing Naturally Present from Added Substances4.3.1 Inorganics vs. Organics
4.3.2 Size and Shape5 Drying and Shrinkage5.1 Kinds of Water5.2 Green Strength5.3 Drying Defects and Causes5.3.1 Particle Size and Shape
5.3.2 Method of Shaping
5.3.3 Preferred Orientation
5.3.4 Ambient Conditions5.4 Preheating6 Changes in Clays with Heat6.1 Variables: Time, Temperature, and Atmosphere
6.2 Changes at Low Temperatures6.2.1 Loss of Volatiles6.2.1.1 Water
6.2.1.2 Organics and Impurities6.2.2 Shrinkage
6.2.3 Changes in Clay Minerals
6.2.4 Changes in Inclusions6.3 Changes at High Temperatures6.3.1 Changes in Mineral Constituents
6.3.2 Sintering and Vitrification7 Glazes7.1 Components and Kinds of Glazes
7.2 Colorants
7.3 FiringPart 3 Behavior: Ethnographic Perspectives on Pottery Making
8 Manufacture8.1 Obtaining and Preparing Resources8.1.1 Distance
8.1.2 Modification8.2 Forming: Techniques and Tools8.2.1 Hand Building and Molding8.2.1.1 Hand Building
8.2.1.2 Molding8.2.2 Supports and Rotational Devices8.2.3 The Potterandrsquo;s Wheel8.3 Finishing: Techniques and Tools8.3.1 Secondary Forming Techniques: Beating and Scraping
8.3.2 Surface Finishing: Smoothing and Texturing8.3.2.1 Smoothing
8.3.2.2 Texturing8.4 Drying and Preheating9 Surface Enhancement9.1 Penetration or Displacement9.1.1 Impressing
9.1.2 Cutting9.2 Additions to the Surface9.2.1 Appliquandeacute;s
9.2.2 Color and Colorants9.2.2.1 Painting
9.2.2.2 Slips9.3 Glaze10 Firing10.1 Separated Fuel and Ware: Kiln Firing10.1.1 Types of Kilns10.1.2 Firing10.2 Intermingled Fuel and Ware: Mixed Firing10.2.1 Time, Temperature, and Atmosphere
10.2.2 Postfiring Treatments10.3 Economic Realities: Costs and Losses10.3.1 Problems of Mixed Firing
10.3.2 Problems of Kiln Firing
10.3.3 Fuels and Costs10.4 Final Considerations11 Exchange and Household Provisioning11.1 Distribution: From Producer to Consumer11.1.1 Reciprocity, Redistribution, Exchange, Trade
11.1.2 Costs and Prices
11.1.3 Cautions in Interpretation11.2 Consumers: Ceramic Censuses and Household Assemblages11.2.1 How Many Pots?
11.2.2 Pottery Use-Life
11.2.3 Recycling and ReplacementPart 4 Methods and Measures: Analyzing Archaeological Pottery
12 Methods and Theories12.1 Theories and Approaches12.1.1 Experimental Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology12.1.2 Technology and Choices
12.1.3 Behavioral Archaeology and Life Histories12.2 Formation Processes12.2.1 Discard and Refuse Disposal
12.2.2 Site Assemblages12.2.2.1 Population and Permanence
12.2.2.2 Some Cautions13 Classification13.1 Attributes13.2 History of Americanist Pottery Classification13.3 So, What Are Types?13.4 Kinds of Classifications13.4.1 Ethnotaxonomy
13.4.2 Devised or Formal Classifications
13.4.3 Form and Form-Based Categorizations13.4.3.1 Size and Proportions
13.4.3.2 Special Shape Terms
13.4.3.3 Geometric Forms and Contours13.5 Why Classify Pottery?14 Characterization14.1 Historical Background14.2 Methods
14.3 Research Design: Fieldwork and Field Sampling14.3.1 Excavation Loci
14.3.2 Recovery and Processing
14.3.3 Collecting Resources14.4 Interpretation15 Quantification and Sampling Collections15.1 Quantification15.1.1 Counts and Measurements
15.1.2 Statistical Analysis
15.1.3 Sherds to Pots15.2 Sampling15.2.1 Sampling Pottery Collections
15.2.2 Selecting Individual Sherds
15.2.3 Sampling for Characterization15.2.3.1 Research Question: The Basics15.2.3.2 Considering Methods15.2.4 Sampling for Chemical Compositional Analysis16 Color16.1 Human Perception of Color
16.2 Sources of Pottery Color and Its Variability16.2.1 Organic Matter
16.2.2 Iron Compounds
16.2.3 Other Colorants16.3 Measuring Color
16.4 What Are Color Measurements Used For?17 Mineral and Chemical Composition17.1 Mineral Analysis17.1.1 Petrographic Characterization
17.1.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)17.2 Chemical Analysis17.2.1 Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)
17.2.2 Laser Ablationandndash;Inductively Coupled Plasmaandndash;Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
17.2.3 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)
17.2.4 Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy (PIXE)18 Physical and Mechanical Properties18.1 Properties, Microstructure, and Stresses18.1.1 Microstructure
18.1.2 Physical and Mechanical Stresses18.2 Hardness and Strength18.2.1 Hardness
18.2.2 Strength18.3 Permeability and Porosity18.3.1 Pores
18.3.2 Permeability
18.3.3 Porosity and Density
18.3.4 Additional Considerations18.4 Cracks and Failure
18.5 Relations to Use19 Thermal Behavior19.1 Thermal Properties19.2 Thermal Stresses and Shock19.3 Stress and Shock Resistance19.3.1 Intrinsic Properties
19.3.2 Microstructure
19.3.3 Shape and Design19.4 Modifying Thermal BehaviorPart 5 Research Questions and Problems: Interpreting Archaeological Pottery
20 Production I: Location20.1 Physical Indicators20.1.1 Artifactual Indicators
20.1.2 Spatial Indicators20.2 Provenience/Provenance20.2.1 Compositional Analyses
20.2.2 Confounding Factors
20.2.2.1 Analytic Confounding Issues
20.2.2.2 Behavioral Confounding Issues21 Production II: Organization21.1 Mode, Scale, and Intensification21.1.1 Mode of Production
21.1.2 Scale of Production
21.1.3 Intensification and Specialization
21.1.4 Mode, Scale, Intensification, and Complexity21.2 Specialization21.2.1 Types and Models of Specialized Production21.2.1.1 Producer Specialization
21.2.1.2 Community Specialization
21.2.1.3 Resource Specialization
21.2.1.4 Product Specialization21.2.2 Multicrafting22 Production III: The Products22.1 Attribute Variability and Specialization22.1.1 Standardization
22.1.2 Diversity22.2 Commodities and Commodification22.2.1 Commodification
22.2.2 Commodities and Trade22.3 Final Observations23 Archaeothermometry23.1 Physical Properties23.2 Mineralogical and Chemical Analyses23.2.1 Microscopy
23.2.2 Thermal Methods
23.2.3 X-Ray Diffraction
23.2.4 Mandouml;ssbauer Spectroscopy
23.2.5 Magnetic Properties
23.2.6 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)23.3 Some Cautions
24 Style and Social Interaction24.1 What Is Style?24.2 What Does Pottery Style Do?
24.3 Archaeological Approaches to Pottery Style24.3.1 Design Elements and Social Interaction
24.3.2 Hierarchical Design Structure Analysis
24.3.3 Symmetry Analysis24.4 Style as Communication24.4.1 Information Theory
24.4.2 Active or Passive?
24.4.3 Learning/Transmission
24.4.4 Visibility
24.4.5 Meaning24.5 Further Developments24.5.1 Theoretical Contexts
24.5.2 Style Change
24.5.3 In Sum . . .25 Functions and Forms
25.1 Vessel Form, Technology, and Use25.2 Indirect Evidence and Inferred Functions25.2.1 Physical Attributes
25.2.2 Forms and Functions
25.2.3 Functions and Forms25.2.3.1 Storage
25.2.3.2 Cooking
25.2.3.3 Transfer25.3 Direct Evidence of Use25.3.1 Residues: Identification of Contents25.3.2 Sooting
25.3.3 Surface Attrition25.4 The Hegemony of the CookpotPart 6 Then and Now; Now and Then
26 The Humility of Things26.1 The Humility of Pottery26.2 From Today to Yesterday26.2.1 Change: The andldquo;Arts of Acculturationandrdquo;
26.2.2 Decoration and Style
26.2.3 Form and Function
26.2.4 Production and Distribution26.3 From Today to Yesterday: Some Questions26.3.1 Status
26.3.2 Commodification and Specialization26.4 Change and ConservatismGlossary
Reference List
Index