Synopses & Reviews
Review
This book should be carefully digested by everyone with an interest in craniometrics, analytical methodology in physical anthropology, human variation, and the origins of modern people. American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Synopsis
In this sequel to his Cranial Variation in Man, Howells surveys present-day regional skull shapes by a uniform method, examing the nature and degree of cranial differences discernible between recent Homo sapien populations around the world.
About the Author
William White Howells was Professor in the Department of Anthropology, Harvard University.
Harvard University
Table of Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
Material
List of Populations
Considerations of Sampling
Problems of Sexing
2. Measurements
3. Size and Shape
Pensive
Analysis by Comparison of C-Scores
Summary
4. Sorting the Individuals
5. Analysis by Population Distances
Clustering the Populations
6. Q-Mode Analysis
18-Group Analysis
Rotated 18-Group Factors
28-Group Analysis
Summary of Population Shape Relations
7. Calibration by Clustering
Mahalanobis D Distances Among 28 Male Groups + Neanderthals
Principal Components Analysis: 28 Modern Groups + 22 Premodern Samples
Principal Components Analysis: 28 Groups + 19 Modern Samples
Summary
8. Discussion
9. Evidence from Molecular Biology
10. Conclusions Bibliography
Appendix A. Description of Populations
Northern Europe: Medieval Norse, Oslo
Central Europe: Zalavar, Hungary
Central Europe: Berg, Carinthia, Austria
East Africa: Teita, Kenya
West Africa: Dogon, Mali
South Africa: Zulu
Australia: Lake Alexandrina Tribes, South Australia
Tasmania: General
Melanesia: Tolai, New Britain
Polynesia: Mokapu, Oahu, Hawaii
Polynesia: Easter Island
Polynesia: Moriori, Chatham Islands
North America: Early Arikara
North America: Santa Cruz Island, California
South America: Yauyos, Peru
North Japan: Hokkaido
South Japan: North Kyushu
Chinese: Haikou City, Hainan
Taiwan Aboriginals: Atayal
Philippine Islands: General
Guam: Latte Period
Egypt: Gizeh, 26th-30th Dynasties
South Africa: Bushman (SAN)
Andaman Islands: General
Ainu, Japan: South and Southeast Hokkaido
Siberia: Buriats
Greenland: Inugsuk Eskimo
Shang Dynasty Chinese: Anyang
Appendix B: Measurements: Group Means
Appendix C: Angles: Group Means
Appendix D: Q-Mode Factor Analysis on 18 Populations
Appendix E: Q-Mode Factor Analysis on 28 Populations
Appendix F: Mahalanobis D Distances