Synopses & Reviews
The Gift of Generations is a comparative study of aging and the social contract in Japan and the United States. By using original, systematically comparable data collected in these countries, the book explores the different cultural definitions of vulnerability and giving, and the ways they shape and constrain the social strategies of routinizing helping arrangements. The book succeeds in interweaving the theory and practice of the social contract by developing the concept of symbolic equity.
Review
"In this clearly conceived and well-written book the author shows how different cultural assumptions about old age influence family and household behaviour patterns and social policy in the two richest nations....Her book makes an important contribution to our understanding of complex modern societies. It should be required reading for all those with an interest in aging and social policy." The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute"Overall, this book flows logically and is very easy to follow....It is hoped that many researchers will build upon the outcomes of this superb book." Noriko Tsukada, Social Gerontology"The Gift of Generations is written in many voices. The organization of this book flows in and out of these voices, and helps the reader understand the context and transformations of growing old in these two rapidly changing countries. The writing is scholarly and masterful..." Dana H. Davidson, Contemporary Sociology"Hashimoto contributes a deep and measured understanding of differences between U.S. and Japanese attitudes toward care of the elderly. Placing her study within the human dilemma of balancing egoism and altruism, Hashimoto contrasts dispositions toward deservedness, self-sufficiency, and dependency. The Gift of Generations is very valuable for its clear thinking on an issue of great relevance." American Anthropologist"The comparison [Hashimoto] draws out is both concrete and philosophical. We not only gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between culture and policy in Japan, but also a greater appreciation of the extent to which American values influence both the expectations of citizens and the making of policy in this country..." Susan O. Long, Ph.D., The Gerontologist"The author does an excellent job of identifying the concepts and cultural assumptions that define the contract between generations..." Emily M. Agree, American Journal of Sociology
Synopsis
The Gift of Generations is an inquiry into the different cultural meanings of giving and deserving help in two aging societies. Post-industrial societies today contend with population dynamics that have never before existed. As the number of older people grows, countries must determine how best to provide for the needs of this population. The constraints are real: Fiscal and material resources are finite and must be shared in a way that is perceived as just. As such, societies confront the fundamental question of who gets what, how, and why, and ultimately must reappraise the principles determining why some people are considered more worthy of help than others. This study systematically explores the Japanese and American answers to this fundamental question.
Synopsis
This is a comparative study of aging and the social contract in Japan and the United States. By using quantitative and institutional data as well as absorbing life histories, the book explores the different cultural definitions of vulnerability and giving, and the ways they shape and constrain helping arrangements.
Description
Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-214) and index.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: the social designation of deserving citizens; The private discourse: expectations of vulnerability - the public discourse: responsibilities for intervention - values, interests, and symbolic equity: a framework of analysis; 2. Two communities - two societies: West Haven - Westside Odawara - comparing communities; 3. Rights and responsibilities in the public domain: entitlement, obligation, and equity - individual, family, and state; 4. The practice of protection and intervention in the private domain: inside the household - outside the household - family and network - the recognition of vulnerability; 5. The Japanese viewpoint: the protective approach; 6. The American viewpoint: the contingency approach; 7. Cultural assumptions and values: trajectories of need - conditions of security - intergenerational equity - primary bonds of affection - units of self-sufficiency - visions of resource affluence; 8. The social regulation of interests: credit, debt, and mutual interests - rights, responsibilities, and collective interests - the logic of symbolic equity - distribution of symbolic resources: empowerment and disempowerment - social and cultural constructions of support - vulnerability and security - entitlement and obligation - reciprocity and dependency - failures and costs; 9. Conclusion: Reflections on diversity and change.