Synopses & Reviews
In many ways, the Northern soldier in the Civil War fought as if he had never left home. On campsites and battlefields, the Union volunteer adapted to military life with attitudes shaped by networks of family relationships, in units of men from the same hometown. Understanding these links between the homes the troops left behind and the war they had to fight, writes Reid Mitchell, offers critical insight into how they thought, fought, and persevered through four bloody years of combat.
In The Vacant Chair, Mitchell draws on the letters, diaries, and memoirs of common soldiers to show how mid-nineteenth-century ideas and images of the home and family shaped the union soldier's approach to everything from military discipline to battlefield bravery. For hundreds of thousands of "boys," as they called themselves, the Union army was an extension of their home and childhood experiences. Many experienced the war as a coming-of-age rite, a test of such manly virtues as self-control, endurance, and courage. They served in companies recruited from the same communities, and they wrote letters reporting on each other's performance--conscious that their own behavior in the army would affect their reputations back home. So, too, were they deeply affected by letters from their families, as wives and mothers complained of suffering or demanded greater valor. Mitchell also shows how this hometown basis for volunteer units eroded respect for military rank, as men served with officers they saw as equals: "Lieut Col Dewey introduced Hugh T Reid," one sergeant wrote dryly, "by saying, 'Boys, behold your colonel,' and we _beheld_ him." In return, officers usually adopted paternalist attitudes toward their "boys"--especially in the case of white officers commanding black soldiers. Mitchell goes on to look at the role of women in the soldiers' experiences, from the feminine center of their own households to their hatred of Confederate women as "she-devils."
The intimate relations and inner life of the Union soldier, the author writes, tell us much about how and why he kept fighting through four bloody years--and why demoralization struck the Confederate soldier as the war penetrated the South, threatening his home and family while he was at the front. "The Northern soldier did not simply experience the war as a husband, son, father, or brother--he fought that way as well," he writes. "That was part of his strength. The Confederate soldier fought the war the same way, and, in the end, that proved part of his weakness." The Vacant Chair uncovers this critical chapter in the Civil War experience, showing how the Union soldier saw--and won--our most costly conflict.
Review
"A tidy and compact study....Offer[s] refreshing insight into an understanding of how the north persevered in its struggle toward ultimate victory and who the South's resolve to resist eventually disintegrated....
The Vacant Chair reflects the kind of solid scholarship the Civil War era needs."--
Journal of American Culture"The book is full of well-chosen anecdotes, character sketches and vignettes which give the war a peculiar immedicay to the reader. One cannot help but feel personally involved....[T]his is an excellent book."--KLIATT, November 1995
"Many excellent anecdotes....Truly fascinating."--The New York Times Book Review
"This sensitive, incisive work comes closer than anything I have read to exploring what the Northern soldier believed he was fighting for and why he was ready to die for the Union."--George M. Fredrickson, author of White Supremacy and The Inner Civil War
"Reid Mitchell breaks new ground in this imaginative contribution....Combining the insights of psychology, women's history and social history, The Vacant Chair accomplishes the difficult. It offers new perspectives on an old topic. Soldiering expands beyond shouldering a rifle and following the colonel's order in Mitchell's excellent volume."--Jean Baker, author of Mary Todd Lincoln
About the Author
About The Author - Reid Mitchell is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and is the author of Civil War Soldiers, which was a main selection of the History Book Club and an alternate selection of the Book of the Month Club.