“What Is the West?”
The Shifting Borders of the West.
Asking the Right Questions.
14. The Age of Confessional Division.
The Peoples of Early Modern Europe.
Disciplining the People.
The Confessional States.
States and Confessions in Eastern Europe.
Conclusion: The Divisions of the West.
Justice in History: The Spanish Auto da Fe: The Power of Penance.
Encounters and Transformations: The Introduction of the Table Fork: The New Sign of Western Civilization.
15. Absolutism and State-Building in Europe, 1618-1715.
The Nature of Absolutism.
The Absolutist State in France and Spain.
Absolutism and State Building in Central and Eastern Europe.
Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic.
Conclusion: The Western State in the Age of Absolutism.
Justice in History: The Trial of Charles I.
Encounters and Transformations: St. Petersburg and the West.
16. The Scientific Revolution.
The Discoveries and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution.
The Search for Scientific Knowledge.
The Causes of the Scientific Revolution.
The Intellectual Effects of the Scientific Revolution.
Humans and the Natural World.
Conclusion: Science and Western Culture.
Justice in History: The Trial of Galileo.
The Human Body in History: Dissecting the Human Corpse.
17. The West and the World: Empire, Trade and War, 1650-1815.
European Empires in Americas and Asia.
Warfare in Europe, North America, and Asia.
The Atlantic World.
Encounters between Europeans and Asians.
The Crisis of Empire and the Atlantic Revolutions.
Conclusion: The Rise and Reshaping of the West.
Justice in History: The Trial of the Mutineers on the Bounty.
Encounters and Transformations: Chocolate in the New World and the Old.
18. Eighteenth-Century Society and Culture.
The Aristocracy.
Challenges to Aristocratic Dominance.
The Enlightenment.
The Impact of the Enlightenment.
Conclusion: The Enlightenment and Western Identity.
Justice in History: A Case of Infanticide in the Age of the Enlightenment.
The Human Body in History: Bathing in the West.
19. The Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815.
The First French Revolution 1789-1791.
The French Republic, 1792-1799.
Cultural Change in France During the Revolution.
The Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815.
The Legacy of the French Revolution.
Conclusion: The French Revolution and Western Civilization.
Justice in History: The Trial of Louis XVI.
Encounters and Transformations: The French Encounter the Egyptians, 1798-1801.
20. The Industrial Revolution.
The Nature of the Industrial Revolution.
Conditions Favoring Industrial Growth.
The Spread of Industrialization.
The Effects of Industrialization.
Industry, Trade and Empire.
Conclusion: Industrialization and the West.
Justice in History: The Sadler Committee on Child Labor.
Encounters and Transformations: The Peterloo Massacre 1819
21. Ideological Conflicts and National Unification, 1815-1871.
New Ideologies in the Early Nineteenth Century.
Ideological Encounters in Europe, 1815-1848.
National Unification in Europe and America, 1848-1871.
Ideology, Empire, and the Balance of Power.
Conclusion: The Ideological Transformation in the West.
Justice in History: Prostitution, Corporal Punishment, and Liberalism in Germany.
The Human Body in History: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: The Body in Romantic Literature.
22. The Coming of Mass Politics: Industrialization, Emancipation, and Instability, 1870-1914.
Economic Transformation.
Defining the Political Nation.
Broadening the Political Nation.
Outside the Political Nation? The Experience of Women.
Conclusion: The West in an Age of Mass Politics.
Justice in History: The Dreyfus Affair–Defining National Identity in France.
The Human Body in History: Men in Black.
23. The West and the World: Cultural Crisis and New Imperialism, 1870-1914.
Scientific Transformations.
Cultural Crisis: The Fin de Siecle and the Birth of Modernism.
The New Imperialism.
Conclusion: Reshaping the West: Expansion and Fragmentation.
Justice in History: The Trial of Oscar Wilde.
Encounters and Transformations: Picasso Goes to the Museum.
24. The First World War.
The Origins of the First World War.
The Experience of Total War.
The Home Fronts.
War and Revolution.
Conclusion: The War and the West.
Justice in History: Revolutionary Justice–The Non-Trial of Nicholas and Alexandra.
The Human Body in History: Shellshock–From Woman's Malady to Soldier's Affliction.
25. Reconstruction, Reaction, and Continuing Revolution–The 1920s and 1930s.
Cultural Despair and Desire.
Out of the Trenches: Reconstructing Culture and Politics in the 1920s.
The Rise of the Radical Right.
The Polarization of Politics in the 1930s.
The West and the World: Imperialism in the Interwar Era.
Conclusion: The Kingdom of Corpses.
Justice in History: The Trial of Adolf Hitler.
Encounters and Transformations: From Mohandas to Mahatma: Gandhi’s Transformation.
26. World War II.
The Coming of War.
Europe at War, 1939-1941.
The World at War, 1941-1945.
The War Against the Jews.
The Home Front: The Other Wars.
Conclusion: The New Europe, The New West.
Justice in History: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann.
The Human Body in History: The G.I.
27. Redefining the West After World War II.
A Dubious Peace, 1945-1949.
The West and the World: Decolonization and the Cold War.
The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s.
The West: Consensus, Consumption, and Culture.
Conclusion: New Definitions, New Divisions.
Justice in History: Show Time: The Trial of Rudolf Slansky.
The Human Body in History: The Pill: Controlling the Female Body.
28. The West in the Contemporary Era: New Encounters and Transformations.
Economic Stagnation and Political Change: The 1970s and 1980s.
Revolution in the East.
Rethinking the West.
Conclusion: Where Is the West Now?
Justice in History: The Sentencing of Salman Rushdie.
Encounters and Transformations: Rock and Revolution.
Glossary.
Index.