The first textbook for the survey course in American womens history to combine a compelling narrative with a wide array of written and visual primary sources, Through Womens Eyes: An American History is also the first to integrate womens history into U.S. history while ensuring a balanced sense of the broad diversity of American women. Modeling for students how historians gather and interpret evidence, DuBois and Dumenil provide a textbook rooted in recent scholarship yet accessible to all introductory students.
1. "New World" Women: To 1750 Native American Women
Worlds Collide: Indigenous Peoples and European Invaders
The Pueblo Peoples
The Iroquois Five Nation Confederacy
Native Women's Worlds
The English Colonies of the South
White Women Newcomers
African Women
New England
The Puritan Search for Order: the Family and the Law
Disorderly Women
Women's Work and Consumption
The Middle Colonies
Women in New Netherland and New York
Women in Pennsylvania
Conclusion: The Diversity of American Women
DOCUMENTS
By and about Colonial Women
Gervase Markham, Countrey Contentments (1615). Ann Bradstreet, "In Honour of That High and Mighty Princess Queen Elizabeth of Happy Memory" (1650). Eliza Lucas Pinckney, Letter to Miss Bartlett. Letter from an indentured servant in Virginia to her father in London (1756). Advertisement, Philadelphia Gazette (April 15, 1731). Advertisement, Philadelphia Gazette (June 24, 1731). Advertisement, South Carolina Gazette, Charleston (October 22, 1744). Advertisement, Virginia Gazette, Williamsburg (April 28 to May 5, 1738). Advertisement, South Carolina Gazette, Charleston (December 23, 1745). Advertisement, Boston Gazette (April 28, 1755). Advertisement, The Boston Gazette (July 11, 1757). Advertisement, The Boston Gazette (June 20, 1735). Michael Baisey's wife, Testimony (1654). Richard Manship's wife, Testimony (1654). Judith Catchpole, Testimony (1656). Ralph Wormley, Prenuptial Settlement of Mrs. Agatha Stubbings (1645). Elizabeth (Tilley) Howland, Will (1686). Laws of Virginia (1643). Laws of Virginia (1662).
VISUAL SOURCES
Images of Native American Women
Effigy Pipe from Spiro Mound, Oklahoma (c. 1200). Effigy Pipe from Cahokia Mound, Illinois (c. 12001400). Effigy Bottle from Cahokia Mound, Illinois (c. 12001400). Thedor Galle, America (c. 1580), Based on Drawing by Jan van der Straet (c. 1575). Indians Planting Corn, from Theodor de Bry's Great Voyages (1590). Canadian Iroquois Women Making Maple Sugar, from Joseph-Francois Lafitau, Moeurs des Sauvages Ameriquains (1724). John White, Their sitting at meate (c. 15851586). Theodor de Bry, Their sitting at meate (1590), Based on Drawing by White. A Chief Lady of Pomeiooc and Her Daughter. Claude Chauchetiere, Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha (16821693). Pocahontas Convinces Her Father, Chief Powhatan, to Spare the Life of Captain John Smith, from John Smith, Generall Historie of Virginia (1624). Pocahontas (1616).
2. Mothers and Daughters of the Revolution, 17501800
Background to Revolution, 17541775
The Growing Confrontation
Liberty's Daughters: Women and the Emerging Crisis
Liberty's Daughters: Women and the Emerging Crisis
Choosing Sides: Native American and African American Women
White Women: Pacifists, Tories, and Patriots
Maintaining the Troops: The Women Who Served
Revolutionary Legacies
A Changing World for Native American Women
African American Women: Freedom and Slavery
White Women: An Ambiguous Legacy
Women and Religion: The Great Awakening
White Women's Religious Fervor
African American Women's Religious Life
Conclusion: To the Margins of Political Action
DOCUMENTS
Phillis Wheatley, Poet and Slave
Phillis Wheatley, Letter to Arbour Tanner (May 19, 1772). Letter to Rev. Samson Occom. "On Being Brought from Africa to America." "To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for North America, & C."
Education and Republican Motherhood
Benjamin Rush, Thoughts on Female Education (1787). Judith Sargent Murray, Observations of Female Abilities (1798).
VISUAL SOURCES
Portraits of Revolutionary Women
John Singleton Copley, Mercy Otis Warren (c. 1763). Abigail Adams (1785). Phillis Wheatley (1773). Susan Anne Livingston Ridley Sedgwick, Elizabeth Freeman ("Mumbet") (1811). John L. D. Mathies, Jemina Wilkinson (1816).
Gendering Images of the Revolution
"A Society of Patriotic Ladies" (1774). Paul Revere, The Boston Massacre. Miss Fanny's Maid (1770). "Banner of Washington's Life Guard." Edward Savage, "Liberty in the Form of the Goddess of Youth Giving Support to the Bald Eagle" (1796). Signpost for a tavern (1777). Frontispiece from Lady's Magazine (1792). Samuel Jennings, Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences (1792).
3. Pedestal, Loom, and Auction Block, 18001860
The Ideology of True Womanhood
Christian Motherhood
A Middle-Class Ideology
Domesticity in a Market Age
Women and Wage Earning
From Market Revolution to Industrial Revolution
The Mill Girls of Lowell
The End of the Lowell Idyll
At the Bottom of the Wage Economy
Women and Slavery
Plantation Patriarchy
Plantation Mistresses
Non-Elite White Women
Slave Women
Conclusion: True Womanhood and the Reality of Women's Lives
DOCUMENTS
Prostitution in New York City, 1858
William W. Sanger, The History of Prostitution: Its Extent, Causes, and Effects Throughout the World (1858).
Two Slave Love Stories
William and Ellen Craft, Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; or, The Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery (1860). B. E. Davis, Interview of Polly Shine (1938).
VISUAL SOURCES
Godey's Lady's Book
The Constant, or the Anniversary Present (1851). The Christian Mother (1850). The Teacher (1844). Purity (1850). Cooks (1852). Shoe Shopping (1848). The Train is Coming (1850).
Early Photographs of Factory Operatives and Slave Women
Four Women Mill Workers (1860). Two Women Mill Workers (1860). Amoskeag Manufacturing Company Workers (1854). The Hayward Family with Their Slave Louisa (c. 1858). The Thomas Easterly, Family with Their Slave Nurse (c. 1850). Timothy O'Sullivan, Plantation in Beaufort, South Carolina (1862).
4. Shifting Boundaries: Expansion, Reform, and Civil War, 18401865
An Expanding Nation, 18431861
The Overland Trail
The Underside of Expansion: Native and Mexican-California Women
The Gold Rush
Antebellum Reform
Expanding Woman's Sphere: Maternal, Moral, and Temperance Reform
Exploring New Territory: Radical Reform in Family and Sexual Life
Crossing Political Boundaries: Abolitionism
Entering New Territory: Women's Rights
Civil War, 18611865
Women and the Impending Crisis
Women's Involvement in the War
Emancipation
Conclusion: Reshaping Boundaries, Redefining Womanhood
DOCUMENTS
Cross-Cultural Encounters in California, 18481850
Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims (1883). Eliza Farnham, California In-doors and Out (1856). Maria Angustias de la Guerra Ord, Occurrences in Hispanic California (1878).
Paulina Wright Davis, The Una and Women's Rights
Paulina Wright Davis,"Woman and Work," The Una (January 1854). "Pecuniary Independence of Women" The Una (December 1853). "Inequality of Women in Marriage," The Una (February 1854).
VISUAL SOURCES
Women on the Civil War Battlefields
Midnight At the Battlefield (Mary Ann Bickerdyke). Phoebe Yates Pember. Sisters of Charity with Doctors and Soldiers, Satterlee Hospital. Susie King Taylor. Harriet Tubman. Rose O'Neal Greenhow with Her Daughter. A Woman in Battle -- "Michigan Bridget" Carrying the Flag (Bridget Divers). Madame Velazquez in Female Attire. Harry T. Buford, 1st Lieutenant, Independent Scouts, Confederate States.
5. Reconstructing Women's Lives North and South, 18651893
Gender and the Postwar Constitutional Amendments
Constitutionalizing Women's Rights
A New Departure for Woman Suffrage
Women's Lives in Southern Reconstruction and Redemption
Black Women in the New South
White Women in the New South
Racial Conflict in Slavery's Aftermath
Female Wage Labor and the Triumph of Industrial Capitalism
Women's Occupations after the Civil War
Who Were the Women Wage Earners?
Responses to Working Women
Class Conflict and Labor Organization
Women of the Leisured Classes
New Sources of Wealth and Leisure
The "Woman's Era"
The Women's Christian Temperance Movement
Consolidating the Gilded Age Women's Movement
Looking to the Future
Conclusion: Toward a New Womanhood
DOCUMENTS
Ida B. Wells
Ida B. Wells, Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (1970).
The Woman Who Toils
Marie and Bessie Van Vorst, The Woman Who Toils: Being the Experience of Two Ladies as Factory Girls (1903).
VISUAL SOURCES
The Higher Education of Women in the Years after the Civil War
A Chafing Dish Party, Cornell University (1904). A Class in Zoology, Wellesley College (18831884). Basketball Team, Wells College (1904). Class in American History, Hampton Institute (18991900). Science Class, Washington, D.C. Normal College (1899). Graduating Class, Syracuse Medical College (1876).
Winslow Homer's Women
Winslow Homer, The Morning Bell, (1873). The Country School (1871). Eaglehead, Manchester, Massachusetts (1870). The Cotton Pickers (1877). Helena de Kay (c. 187172).
6. Women in an Expanding Nation: Consolidation of the West, Mass Immigration, and the Crisis of the 1890s
Consolidating the West
Native Women in the West
The Family West
The "Wild West"
Late Nineteenth-Century Immigration
The Decision to Immigrate
The Immigrant's Voyage
Reception of the Immigrants
Immigrant Daughters
Immigrant Wives and Mothers
Century's End: Challenges, Conflict, and Imperial Ventures
Rural Protest, Populism, and the Battle for Woman Suffrage
Class Conflict and the Settlement House Movement
Epilogue to the Crisis: The Spanish-American War of 1898
Conclusion: Nationhood and Womanhood on the Eve of a New Century
DOCUMENTS
Susette La Flesche, "Nedawi: An Indian Story from Real Life" (1881).
Jane Addams, "The Subtle Problems of Charity" (1899).
VISUAL SOURCES
Jacob Riis's Photographs of Immigrant Girls and Women
Jacob Riis, "In the Home of an Italian Ragpicker: Jersey Street, New York 1889." "Knee Pants at 45 Cents a Dozen -- A Ludlow Street Sweater's Shop." "Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street Attic." "I Scrubs': Katie Who Keeps House on West 49th Street."
Representations of Women in Puck's Cartoons of the 1890s
"The Woman Of It" (March 30, 1892). "Useful as Well as Ornamental" (March 1892)
"Irony" (April 27, 1898). "What Are We Coming To?" (April 27, 1898). "Unconcious of their Doom" (April 29, 1891). "The Duty of the Hour: To Save Her not Only From Spain, but from a Worse Fate" (May 4, 1898).
7. Power and Politics: Women in the Progressive Era 19001920
The Changing Female Labor Force
Women in the Professions
The Women's Trade Union League
The Rising of the Women
"The Female Dominion"
Protective Labor Legislation
Mother's Pensions
Banning Child Labor
Progressive Women and Political Parties
Progressivism and Race
Votes for Women
Diversity in the Woman Suffrage Movement
State Campaigns and Modern Suffrage Methods
The National Suffrage Movement
The Emergence of Feminism
The Feminist Program
The Birth Control Movement
The Great War, 19141919
Pacifist and Anti-war Women
Preparedness and Patriotism
The Great Migration
Winning Woman Suffrage
Conclusion: The Progressive Woman
DOCUMENTS
Modernizing Womanhood
"Talk on Feminism Stirs Great Crowd," New York Times (1914). Inze Milholland, "The Changing Home," McClures Magazine (1913). Crystal Eastman, "Birth Control in the Feminism Program," Birth Control Review (1918).
African American Women and the Great Migration
Letter written by an Anniston, Alabama man to the Chicago Defender (April 26, 1917). Letter written by a McCoy, Louisiana woman to the Chicago Defender (April 16, 1917). Letter written by a Biloxi, Mississippi woman to the Chicago Defender (April 27, 1917). Letter written by a New Orleans, Louisiana woman to the Chicago Defender (April 23, 1917). Letter written by a Chicago, Illinois to family at home. Chicago Commission on Race Relations, The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot (1922). Alice Dunbar Nelson, "Negro Women in War Work," in The American Negro in the World War (1969). Forrester B. Washington, "Reconstruction and the Colored Woman," Life and Labor (January 1919).
VISUAL SOURCES
Parades, Picketing and Power: Women in Public Space
Girl Strikers, New York Evening Journal (November 10, 1909). Garment Workers Union Strike in Rochester, New York (1913). Women Striking in Lawrence, Massachusetts (1912). Young Women Strikers in Lawrence. Suffragists Marching (1913). Suffrage Day Parade in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota (1914). Suffrage Parade in Washington, D.C. (1913). Congressional Union Picketers at the White House during WWI.
Uncle Sam Wants You: Women and World War I Poster Images
"Let's End It -- Quick with Liberty Bonds." "It's Up to You: Protect the Nation's Honor -- Enlist Now." "Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man, I'd Join the Navy." "The Woman's Land Army of America." "In Her Wheatless Kitchen She Is Doing Her Part To Help Win the War. Are You Doing Yours?" "For Every Fighter A Woman Worker, Y.W.C.A."
8. Change and Continuity: Women in Prosperity, Depression, and War, 19201945
Prosperity Decade: The 1920s
The New Woman in Politics
Women at Work
The New Woman in the Home
Depression Decade: The 1930s
At Home in Hard Times
Women and Work
Women's New Deal
Work for Victory: Women and War, 19411945
Women in the Military
Women, War, and Work
War and Everyday Life
Conclusion: The New Woman in Ideal and Reality
DOCUMENTS
Young Women Speak Out
MT, "Should a Wife Work?," in "Dear Carolyn Van Wyck," Photoplay (1927). M.A.B., "Whether or Not To Be a Gold-Digger!," in "Dear Carolyn Van Wyck," Photoplay (1925). Myrtle, "Should Women Pay Their Own Way?," in "Dear Carolyn Van Wyck," Photoplay (1927). Anonymous, "Should Women Engage in Pettingi Photoplay (1926). S.N., "Parents Tell Nisei Too Much What to Do," in "Dear Deidre," New World Sun (1937). Progressive Miss, "An Educated Girl Faces a Problem," in "Dear Deidre," New World Sun (1937). Modern Miss, "Defense of Nisei Bachelorettes'," in "Dear Deidre," New World Sun (1936).
Women's Networks in the New Deal
Eleanor Roosevelt, "Women in Politics," Good Housekeeping (1940). Rose Schneiderman, All for One (1967). Molly Dewson, An Aid to the End (1949). Gladys Avery Tillett, Oral History Interview (1976). Mary McLeod Bethune, "My Secret Talks with FDR" (1949).
VISUAL SOURCES
Women at Work
Advertisements: A Young Wife Earns Extra Money. The Business Girl and Palmolive Soap. A Nurse Meets All Kinds of Bathtubs. Ella May Learns about Red Cross Towels. Mrs. Lansing Booth's Double Shift: Defense Worker and Mother. Photographs: Ben Shahn, "Picking Cotton," (1935). Dorothea Lange, "Women Packing Apricots" (1938). Marion Post Wolcott, "Negro Domestic Servant" (1939). Jack Delano, "Striking Georgia Textile Workers" (1941). Women's Bureau, "Model Sewing Factory" (1937). Mexican-American Garment Workers in Texas. Rosie the Riveters (1945).
9. Beyond the Feminine Mystique: Women's Lives, 19451965
Family Culture and Women's Roles at Home and Work
The Cold War and the Family
Rethinking the Feminine Mystique
Women and Work
Women's Activism at Work and in the Community
Working-Class Women and Unions
Women and Civil Rights
Challenging Segregation: Brown v. Board of Education, Little Rock, and Montgomery
Women as Civil Rights "Bridge Leaders"
Voter Registration and Freedom Summer
Sexism in the Movement
A Widening Circle of Civil Rights Activism: Mexican Americans
Women and Public Policy
Conclusion
DOCUMENTS
Working-Class Feminism
Betty Friedan, UE Fights for Women Workers (June 1952).
Civil Rights Movement: Autobiographical Accounts and Oral Histories
Septima Clark, Autobiography. Sandra (Casey) Hayden, Autobiographical Essay. Diane Nash (Bevel), Oral Accounts of a Sit-in at Fisk University and Freedom Rides. Howell Raines, Interview with Mary Dora Jones. Charles Bolton, Interview with Mrs. Earline Boyd.
VISUAL SOURCES
Television's Prescriptions for Women
Advertisements: Motorola TV. RCA TV. GE TV. NBC Television, "Where did the Morning Go?" NBC Television, "Your Friends from Breakfast to Bedtime." Betty Crocker. Screenshots: Beulah. Amos n' Andy. The Goldbergs. The Honeymooners. I Love Lucy. Father Knows Best.
10. Feminism and Its Discontents, 1965 to the Present
The Era of Women's Liberation
The Roots of Women's Liberation
The Agenda of Women's Liberation
Feminism and Radical Diversity
The Equal Rights Amendment and Abortion and Reproductive Rights
In Defense of Traditional Womanhood
Stop-ERA and the New Right
From Anti-Abortion to Pro-Life
Supreme Court and Presidential Politics
Women, Work, and Family in the Late Twentieth Century
Women in the Labor Force
Changes in Family and Personal Life
Women and the New Immigration
Conclusion
DOCUMENTS
Feminist Revival in the 1990s
Gloria La Anzaldúa, La conciencia de la mestiza/Towards a New Consciousness (1987). JeeYeun Lee, "Beyond Bean Counting" (1995). Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, "The Feminist Diaspora," Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism (1999). Declaration of Riot Grrrl's Philosophy from a Bikini Kill zine. Rebecca Walker, "Lusting for Freedom." Catherine Orenstein, "What Carrie Could Learn From Mary" The New York Times (September 5, 2003).
VISUAL SOURCES
Lesbian Women
Women and Globalization