Hailed as the most up-to-date and comprehensive survey published in a single volume, this new revised edition is an authoritative and enlightened account of the history of art. It presents art history as an essential part of the development of humankind, encompassing the arts of Asia, Africa, Oceania, Europe, and the Americas-spanning from the primitive art of hunters 30,000 years ago to the most controversial art forms of today. The text is beautifully and generously illustrated with over 1,400 superb photographs, including architectural plans and color maps
Preface
Chapter Ten
The Fifteenth Century in Europe 416
Timechart 416
The Beginnings of the Italian Renaissance 417
Map Renaissance Italy 418
Brunelleschi 418
Masaccio 420
‘Progress’ in Sculpture 421
A New Style in Flanders 424
Van Eyck and van der Weyden 424
In Context The Ghent Altarpiece: Jan van Eyck and his Patrons 426
Sources and Documents Bartolommeo Fazio on Jan van Eyck 430
Architecture in Italy 430
Alberti 431
Sculpture in Italy 433
Donatello 433
New Departures 434
Italian Painting and the Church 438
Fra Angelico, Uccello and Piero della Francesca 439
Sources and Documents Filippino Lippi and Filippo Strozzi: Financial and other Problems over the Strozzi Chapel 441
Secular Painting 443
Botticelli 445
The Venetian Synthesis 449
Mantegna and Bellini 449
International Humanism 453
Dürer 453
In Context Bellini and Carpaccio: Corporate Patronage in Renaissance Venice 454
Chapter Eleven
The Sixteenth Century in Europe 457
Timechart 457
Reform and Early Sixteenth-century Art in the North 458
Hieronymus Bosch 460
Grünewald 461
Protestant Art 463
The High Renaissance in Italy 466
Leonardo da Vinci 466
Harmony, Unity and Raphael 469
In Context Bramante’s Tempietto: Alberti, Leonardo and the Ideal Renaissance Church 472
Michelangelo 474
Sources and Documents Michelangelo’s David: Contract and Installation 475
The Venetian High Renaissance 485
Urban Development Renaissance Urbanism: The Rome of Sixtus V 486
Giorgione 488
Titian 489
Tintoretto and Veronese 492
Sansovino, Palladio and the Laws of Harmony 493
Sources and Documents Veronese’s Interrogation by the Inquisition 494
Mannerism and Mannerisms 497
Correggio and Mannerist ‘Licence’ 497
Pieter Bruegel the Elder 502
El Greco 503
In Context Pieter Bruegel’s Months: Patronage in Flanders 504
Chapter Twelve
The Americas, Africa and Asia 507
Timechart 507
Mesoamerica and Peru 508
Map Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica 509
The Maya, Toltecs and Mixtecs 510
The Incas 516
The Aztecs 517
Sources and Documents Cortés and Dürer on Mexico and Montezuma’s Treasure 517
Africa 519
Map Africa 519
Sources and Documents Dapper on Benin 523
The Islamic World 524
Ottoman Architecture 528
Safavid Art and Architecture 529
Urban Development Isfahan and Samarkand: Islamic Urban Design 534
Mughal Art and Architecture 536
In Context Nur-Jahan and Jahangir: Art at the Mughal Court 540
Sources and Documents Domingo Paes on Vijayanagar 544
China 545
The Yuan Dynasty 545
The Ming Dynasty 549
Sources and Documents Dong Quichang on Painting: The Study of Nature and Old Masters 555
Japan – Kamakura to Edo 556
Map Japan 557
The Influence of Zen Buddhism 558
In Context Namban Screens: The Japanese Encounter with Europeans 562
Chapter Thirteen
The Seventeenth Century in Europe 567
Timechart 567
New Beginnings in Rome 568
concepts Nature, Imitation and Invention: The Formation of Academic Theory 570
Baroque Art and Architecture 571
Rubens and van Dyck 572
In Context The Jesuit Missions: Evangelization and Colonization 576
The Easel Painting in Italy 578
Bernini 580
Borromini 583
Poussin and Claude 585
Velásquez 588
Sources and Documents Pacheco on Art in the Service of Religion 590
Dutch Painting 591
Hals 591
Rembrandt 592
Landscape 595
In Context Rembrandt’s ‘Hundred-guilder Print’: The Development of Graphic Processes 596
Still Life and Genre 600
Vermeer 602
England and France 603
Chapter Fourteen
Enlightenment and Liberty 607
Timechart 607
French Rococo Art 608
Watteau, de Troy and the Rococo Interior 609
Boucher, Chardin and Fragonard 612
Sources and Documents Diderot on Boucher, Greuze and Chardin 612
In Context Fragonard and Greuze: Sex Objects and Virtuous Mothers 614
The Rococo in Germany and Italy 616
Tiepolo, Guardi and Canaletto 619
English Sense and Sensibility 622
Hogarth and Gainsborough 622
Landscape and Classicism 623
Neo-Classicism, or the ‘True Style’ 627
Sources and Documents Washington and Jefferson: Antique versus Modern Dress 629
Canova and David 630
Part Four
The Making of the Modern World
Chapter Fifteen
Romanticism to Realism 636
Timechart 636
Urban Development Factories and Public Parks: Owen, Nash and Olmsted 638
Romanticism 640
The Heirs of David 642
Goya 644
Géricault 646
Ingres 647
Delacroix 648
Sources and Documents Heine on Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People 651
Romanticism and Philosophy 651
Friedrich 651
Blake 652
Romantic Landscape Painting 653
Constable 653
Turner 654
In Context Turner’s Slave Ship: Images of Slavery 656
Corot and the Etude 658
Photography 659
In which Style should We Build? 662
Sources and Documents Pugin on the Principles of Christian Architecture 664
Historicism and Realism 665
The Pre-Raphaelites 666
Courbet 666
Concepts Art for Art’s Sake: Aestheticism versus Realism 668
Millet 669
Manet 670
Sources and Documents Baudelaire: ‘What is the good of criticism?’ 670
The USA 674
In Context Caleb Bingham’s Fur Traders: Art and the Frontier 678
Photography comes of Age 681
Chapter Sixteen
Eastern Traditions 686
Timechart 686
Qing-dynasty China 687
In Context Wang Hui and Others, Portrait of
An Qi: Painters and Patrons under the Qing Dynasty 689
Architecture and the Decorative Arts 690
Japan in the Edo Period 693
Hokusai and Hiroshige 695
Sources and Documents Hokusai and Frank Lloyd Wright on the Japanese Print 698
Chapter Seventeen
Impressionism to Post-Impressionism 700
Timechart 700
Impressionism 701
Monet 704
Sources and Documents Laforgue on Impressionism 705
Morisot, Renoir and Manet 705
In Context Degas and Manet: City Lights and the Exploitation of Women 708
Degas 710
Japonisme 712
Neo-Impressionism 715
Seurat, Divisionism and Socialism 715
Symbolism 717
Gaugin and van Gogh 718
Allegories of Modern Life: Munch and Rodin 720
Art Nouveau and the New Architecture 723
Sullivan and the Skyscraper 725
In Context The Crystal Palace and the Statue of Liberty: Metal and New Building Methods 726
Domestic Architecture 728
Cézanne 729
Sources and Documents Cézanne to Emile Bernard 730
Chapter Eighteen
Indigenous Arts of Africa, the Americas, Australia and Oceania 734
Timechart 734
Oceania 736
Map Oceania 736
Polynesia 736
Sources and Documents Captain Cook and the Arts of the Pacific 739
Melanesia and Micronesia 742
Australia 744
The North American North-West
Coast 746
In Context A Shaman’s Mask: Art and the Supernatural 748
The Plains and the Arid Lands of North America 750
Africa 752
In Context A Complex Legacy: The European Presence in African Art 756
Part Five
Twentieth-Century Art and Beyond
Chapter Nineteen
Art from 1900 to 1919 768
Timechart 768
New Ways of Looking 769
In Context Picasso’s Demoiselles: Anarchism, Colonialism and Art as Exorcism 772
The Fauves and Expressionism 774
Matisse 775
The German Expressionists 776
Kandinsky 779
Sources and Documents Kandinsky on Color 780
Marc 781
Cubism 782
Picasso and Braque: Analytical and Synthetic Cubism 782
Sources and Documents Braque and Picasso on Cubism 785
Orphic Cubism 789
Futurism 790
Abstract or Non-Objective Art 793
Suprematism and the Founding of De Stijl 793
Architecture 795
Frank Lloyd Wright 795
Chapter Twenty
Between the Two World Wars 798
Timechart 798
Dada and Surrealism 799
Duchamp 800
America and the Precisionist View 803
Diego Rivera and the Mexican Muralists 805
In Context Orozco, Rivera and Siqueiros: Art and Politics 806
Breton, de Chirico and Ernst 808
Sources and Documents Louis Aragon, Max Ernst and Others Issue a Surrealist Declaration 809
Dali, Magritte and Miró 810
Welded Metal: A Revolution in Sculpture 813
Photography and Modern Movements 815
Sources and Documents Walter Benjamin on Photography 815
Constructivism, De Stijl and the International Style 819
Art and Revolution 819
The Bauhaus 821
Sources and Documents Walter Gropius on the Bauhaus 821
Mondrian 823
Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe 825
Urban Development Cities of the Future: Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright 826
Brancusi and Moore 828
Art Deco 830
Chapter Twenty-One
Post-War to Post-Modern 832
Timechart 832
Abstract Expressionism 833
Pollock and de Kooning 835
Still, Rothko and Neuman 837
European Survivors 840
Post-Painterly Abstraction 841
Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg 843
concepts Modernism and Formalism 844
Pop Art 845
Photographic Imagery 848
Minimal Art 851
Conceptual Art 853
Arte Povera 855
Body Art and Process Art 857
Earth and Land Art 858
Photo-Realism and New Image Painting 861
Modernism and Post-Modernism 865
Chapter Twenty-Two
Into the Third Millennium 870
Timechart 870
Questioning Modernism 872
Neo-Expressionism 877
Art as Identity 883
Post-Modern Multiculturalism 888
Video and the Post-Medium
Condition 895
Photography and the Construction of Reality 899
Abjection 904
Function and Value 907
Function and ValueThe New Museums of Art908
Urban Development Berlin and its International Building Exhibitions 912
Art After Postmodernism 914
Globalization, Sensation
and Spectacle 921
The Turn of the Millennium 928
Glossary
For Further Reading
Index
Picture Credits