Synopses & Reviews
Photographs, illustrations, maps, charts, and texts are celebrating the arrival of a larger size and beautiful colors to the fourth edition of
World Civilizations: Sources, Images, and Interpretations. This collection of primary, secondary, and visual sources for world history survey courses offers a broad introduction to the materials historians use and the interpretations historians make.
This text also provides introductions, commentaries, guides, and questions, making it a truly valuable source for world history courses. The selections and accompanying notes, drawn from a vast spectrum of approaches, provide insight into how historians work and place the material in a context that furthers readers understanding.
About the Author
Dennis Sherman is Professor of History at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, the City University of New York. He received his B.A. (1962) and J.D. (1965) degrees from the University of California at Berkeley and his Ph.D. (1970) from the University of Michigan . . He was Visiting Professor at the University of Paris (1978-79; 1985). He has received the Ford Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Council for Research on Economic History fellowship, and fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities. His publications include A Short History of Western Civilization, 8th edition (co-author); Western Civilization: Sources, Images, and Interpretations, 5th edition; World Civilizations: Sources, Images, and Interpretations, 2nd Edition (co-author); a series of introductions in the Garland Library of War and Peace; several articles and reviews on nineteenth-century French economic and social history in American and European journals, and short stories on literary reviews. A. Tom Grunfeld is a professor of history at the State University of New York/Empire State College. He received his B.A. from the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury in 1972, his M.A. from the University of London/School of Oriental and African Studies in 1973, and his Ph.D. from New York University in 1985. He has received numerous travel and research grants from, among others, the National Endowment for the Humanities (1984), the Research Foundation of the City University of New York (1985), and the State University of New York and the Ford Foundation (1993). His publications include over 100 articles in periodicals published in over a dozen countries, The Making of Modern Tibet (1996), and On Her Own: Journalistic Adventures from the San Francisco Earthquake to the Chinese Revolution, 1917-1927 (1993), The Vietnam War: A History in Documents (with Marilyn Young and John Fitzgerald) (2001). He has lived and traveled extensively throughout Asia since 1966 and is a frequent commentator on Chinese and Tibetan matters for BBC Radio and CNN International.David Rosner is Professor of History and Public Health at Columbia University and Co-Director of the new Program in the History of Public Health and Medicine at Columbia's Mailman School of Public Health. He received his M.S. in Public Health from the University of Massachusetts and his doctorate from Harvard in the History of Science and, until recently, was the University Distinguished Professor of History at the City University of New York. In addition to numerous grants, he has been a Guggenheim Fellow, a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow, and a Josiah Macy Fellow. He has been awarded the Distinguished Scholar's Prize from the City University and recently, the Viseltear Prize for Outstanding Work in the History of Public Health from the APHA. He is author of A Once Charitable Enterprise (Cambridge University Press, 1982; Princeton University Press, 1987), and editor of Archives of Sickness, Epidemics and Public Health in New York City (Rutgers University Press, 1995) and Health Care in America: essays in Social History (with Susan Reverby). In addition, he has co-authored and edited with Gerald Markowitz numerous books and articles, including Children, Race, and Power: Kenneth and Mamie Clark's Northside Center (1996), Deadly Dust: Silicosis and the Politics of Industrial Disease (1991), Dying for Work: Safety and Health in the United States(1987), and "Slaves of the Depression": Workers' Letters about life on the Job (1987). Currently, he and Gerald Markowitz are working on a book on the boundaries between occupational and environmental health for the University of California Press.
Table of Contents
Topical Contents
Preface
Using this Book
A Note on Chinese Romanization
13. Global Encounters and Cultures in Conflict, 1500-1700
Primary Sources
Using Primary Sources: The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea
Azurara, The Chronicle of the discovery and Conquest of Guinea
Afonso I of Kongo, Africa and Europe: The Problems of Alliances
Tomé Pires, The Suma Oriental
Francesco Carletti, Women and Poverty in Japan
Diego Munoz Camargo, The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico
Laws of the Burgos: the Spanish Colonize Central and South America
David Pietersz, Voyages from Holland to America: The Dutch Colonize North America
Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa, A Voyage to South America: Caste and Race in Latin America
Visual Sources
Using Visual Sources: Exploration, Global Encounters, and Politics
Exploration, Expansion, and Politics
A Buddhist Temple: European Views of Asia
The Conquest of Mexico as Seen by the Aztecs
Secondary Sources
Using Secondary Sources: The Expansion of Europe
Richard B. Reed, The Expansion of Europe
William Cronon, The Changing Ecology of New England
Morris Rossabi, Muslims in Ming China
John K. Fairbank and Ssu-yu Teng, Chinas Response to the West
Jean-Pierre Lehmann, Europeans Arrive in Japan
M. L. Bush, The Effects of Expansion on the Non-European World
14. Europes Early Modern Era, 1500-1789
Primary Sources
Martin Luther, Justification by Faith
James I, The Powers of the Monarch in England
The House of Commons, The Powers of Parliament in England
Peter the Great, Decree on the Invitation of Foreigners
Visual Sources
Luther and the New Testament
Sebald Beham, Luther and the Catholic Clergy Debate
Peter Paul Rubens, Loyola and Catholic Reform
Pieter Brueghel, the Elder, The Harvesters
Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathan: Political Order and Political Theory
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Happy Accidents of the Swing
Secondary Sources
Euan Cameron, What Was the Reformation?
Marilyn J. Boxer and Jean H. Quataert, Women in the Reformation
Peter Laslett, The World We Have Lost: The Early Modern Family
Jerome Blum, Lords and Peasants
John Roberts, The Ancien Régime: Ideals and Realities
15. Asia, 1500-1700
Primary Sources
Yamaga Soko, The Way of the Samurai
Ekiken Kaibara, Greater Learning for Women
Habbah Khatun: A Womans Voice in India
François Bernier, Travels in the Mogul Empire: Politics and Society in India
Village Life and Government in China
Ghiselin de Busbeceq, The Ottoman Social Order
Visual Sources
Tulsi the Elder, Bandi, and Madhu the Younger, Akbar Inspecting the Construction of Fatehpur-Sikri
Architecture and the Imperial City
Expansion of the Ottoman Empire, 1520-1639
Secondary Sources
V. P. S. Raghuvanshi, Marriage, Caste, and Society in India
Peter Mansfield, The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors
Jonathan Spence, Hard Times and the Fall of Chinas Ming Dynasty
16. A World of Reason and Motion: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment in the West, 1600-1800
Primary Sources
René Descartes, The Discourse on Method
Sir Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
Immanuel Kant, What Is Enlightenment?
Denis Diderot, Prospectus for the Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Jean Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract
Visual Sources
Frontispiece to Marco Vincenzo Coronellis Atlas, 1691
Joseph Wright, Experiment with an Air Pump
Secondary Sources
Dick Teresi, Islamic and Western Science and An Ottoman Observatory
Bonnie S. Anderson and Judith P. Zinsser, Women and the Scientific Revolution
Lester G. Crocker, The Age of Enlightenment
17. Revolution, Nationalism, and the State in Europe 1789-1914
Primary Sources
The Cahiers: Discontents of the Third Estate
Women of the Third Estate
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Maximilien Robespierre, Speech to the National ConventionFebruary 5, 1794: The Terror Justified
Madame de Remusat, Memoirs: Napoleons Appeal
Prince Klemens von Metternich, Secret Memorandum to Tsar Alexander I, 1820: Conservative Principles
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
The First Chartist Petition: Demands for Change in England
Heinrich von Treitschke, Militant Nationalism
Visual Sources
Jeaurat de Bertray, Allegory of the Revolution
Internal Disturbances and the Reign of Terror
Antoine-Jean Ghos, Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
Secondary Sources
Georges Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution
Donald M. G. Sutherland, The Revolution of the Notables
William Doyle, An Evaluation of the French Revolution
Bonnie G. Smith, Women and the Napoleonic Code
John Weiss, The Revolutions of 1848
18. Industrialism, Social Change, and Culture in the West
Primary Sources
Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833: Working conditions in England
The Knights of Labor: Unionization
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto
Samuel Smiles, Self-Help: Middle-Class Attitudes
Elizabeth Poole Sandford, Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character
Emmeline Pankhurst, Why We Are Militant
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species and the Descent of Man
Visual Sources
Industrialization and Demographic Change
Illustration from Life and Adventures of Michael Armstrong
William Bell Scott, Iron and Coal
Claude Monet, Gare St. Lazare
Eastman Johnson, The Hatch Family: The Upper Middle Class
Léon Frédéric, The Stages of a Workers Life
Caspar David Friedrich, Abbey Graveyard in the Snow: Visual Romanticism
Secondary Sources
Robert Heilbroner, The Making of Economic Society: England, the First to Industrialize
Peter N. Stearns, The Industrial Revolution in Russia
Eric R. Wolf, Europe and the People without History: Labor Migrations
Michael Anderson, The Family and Industrialization in Western Europe
Eleanor S. Riemer and John C. Fout, European Women
19. The Americas, 1700s-1914
Primary Sources
The Declaration of Independence
Simon Bolivar, Independence in South America
Henry Koster, Travels in Brazil: Religion and Slavery in Brazil
William Lyon Mackenzie, Call to Revolution in Canada
Andrew Jackson, The Removal of Native Americans in the United States
Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments: Womens Rights in the United States
Emiliano Zapata: For Land and Liberty
United States House of Representatives, Banning Chinese Immigration to the United States
Visual Sources
John Gast, Manifest Destiny
Diego Rivera, The Mexican Revolution
The Western Hemisphere, 1770 and 1830
Secondary Sources
Merrill Jensen, Democracy and the American Revolution
Robert N. Burr, By Reasonable Force: Power Politics and International Relations in South America
Gilberto Freyre, The Mansions and the Shanties: The Making of Modern Brazil
Barbara Welter, The Cult of True Womanhood
20. Africa, 1500-1880
Primary Sources
Johann Peter Oettinger, Voyage to Guinea: The European Slave Trade in Africa
John Barbot, Government, Taxes, and War in Benin
Mungo Park, Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa: Urban Life and Women in West Africa
Robert Moffat, The Ndebele Nation in Central Africa
Moshweshewe, Letter to Sir George Grey: Conflict and Diplomacy in South Africa
Ernest Linant de Fellefonds, Culture and Imperialism in East Africa
Visual Sources
The Oba of Benin
Indigenous States in Sub-Saharan Africa to the Nineteenth Century
Secondary Sources
John K. Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680: The Atlantic Slave Trade
Robin Law, Disruption in the Yoruba Kingdom of Oyo
Susan Herlin Broadhead, Beyond Decline: The Kingdom of the Kongo in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
21. Asia, 1700-1914
Primary Sources
Confessions of Taiping Rebels: The Chinese People Rebel
Sun Yat-sen, Manifesto of the United League
Tokugawa Nariaki, Japan, Reject the Westerners
Proclamation of the Young Turks
Visual Sources
Gountei Sadahide, Foreigners at Yokohama
Ghulam ‘Ali Khan, Rauneah, A Village in the Punjab
The Weakening of China, 1839-1895
Secondary Sources
Susan Naguin and Evelyn S. Rawski, Being Chinese
Bernard Lewis, Minorities in the Ottoman Empire
Nemai Sadan Bose, Stifling the Voice of Protest in India
22. Imperialism and New Global Entanglements, 1880-1914
Primary Sources
Frederich Fabri, Does Germany Need Colonies?
Rudyard Kipling, the White Mans Burden
Imperial Edict, 1885, Nationalism and Colonialism in Vietnam
Raden Ajeng Kartini, Letters of a Javanese Princess
Theodore Roosevelt, The Roosevelt Corollary: American Imperialism
Jose Marti, A Vindication of Cuba
Visual Sources
George Harcourt, Imperialism Glorified
Charles Edwin Fripp, The Colonial Battlefield
American Imperialism in Asia: Independence Day 1899
Imperialism and the Looting of Cultures
Imperialism in Africa
Secondary Sources
Eric. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire
M. E. Chamberlain, The Scramble for Africa
Daniel R. Headrick, The Tools of Empire
Manuel Maldonado-Denis, Imperialism in the Americas
23. War, Revolution, and Authoritarianism in the West
Primary Sources
Reports from the Front: The Battle for Verdun, 1916
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est: Disillusionment
Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points
V. I. Lenin, April Theses, The Bolshevik Strategy
Benito Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism
Guida Diehl, The German Woman and National Socialism [Nazism]
Bruno Bettelheim, The Informed Heart: Nazi Concentration Camps
Joseph Stalin, Problems of Agrarian Policy in the U.S.S.R.: Soviet Collectivization
Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico, Labor and Social Welfare
Lazlo Cardenas, Mexico Nationalizes Its Oil Industry
Letters from Workers to the US Government, Slaves of the Depression
R. B. Bennett, Canada and the Great Depression
Visual Sources
World War I: The Home Front and Women
Richard Spitz: Nazi Mythology
Revolutionary Propaganda
K. I. Finogenov, Socialist Realism
Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism
Secondary Sources
Roland Stromberg, The Origins of World War I: Militant Patriotism
Bonnie S. Anderson and Judith P. Zinsser, Women, Work, and World War I
Amanda LaBarca Hubertson, Women in Latin America
Robert Service, The Russian Revolution
James Laux, The Great Depression in Europe
F. L. Carsten, The Rise of Fascism
Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms
Daniel J. Goldhagen, Hitlers Willing Executioners
24. Asia and Africa between World Wars I and II
Primary Sources
Hashimoto Kingoro, Japanese Nationalism and Expansionism
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), The Chinese Communist Party Mobilizes the Masses
Shan-fei and Agnes Smedley, Women and Chinese Communism
Ho Chi Minh, Letter from Abroad: Revolutionary Nationalism in Vietnam
Mohandas K. Gandhi, Hindus, Muslims, and Nationalism in India
The Balfour Declaration and the Churchill White Paper of 1922
Jesse Chilula Chipenda, Africans and the Colonial State
Obafemi Awolowo, Resentment in Colonial Nigeria
Visual Sources
Xu Beihong (Hsü Pei-hung), The Foolish Old Man Removes the Mountain
Western Technology and Christianity in Colonial Africa
The Expansion of Japan
Secondary Sources
L. M. Panikkar, Asia in World War I
Vera Schwarcz, Chinese Intellectuals as Agents of Enlightenment
Amal Vinogradov, The Creation of Iraq
John W. Dower, Propaganda and Racism in the Pacific War
Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido, The Politics of Race, Class, and Nationalism in 20th-Century South Africa
Martin Chanock, African Women and the Law
25. Global Transformations and the Struggles of Superpowers: The Post-World War II Era, 1945-89
Primary Sources
The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
B. N. Ponomaryov, The cold War: A Soviet Perspective
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung), Communism in China
Chinas Marriage Law: New Rules for the Women of China
U.N. Resolution 242 and A Palestinian Memoir: Israel, Palestine, and the Middle East
The General Assembly of the United Nations, Declaration against Colonialism
From Independence to Statehood: Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria
Assia Djebar, Growing up in Algeria
Camilo Torres, Christianity, Communism, and Revolution in Latin America
Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States
Redstockings, A Feminist Manifesto
James Cameron, The Vietnam War: A Reporter with the Vietcong
Visual Sources
The Cold War and European Integration
Decolonization in Asia and Africa
Rent Collection Courtyard: Art and Politics in China
Secondary Sources
James L. Gormly, Origins of the Cold War
Hasegawa Nyozekan, The Last Japan
D. K. Fieldhouse, Economic Decolonization and Arrested Development in Africa
Hernando de Soto, Inequality, Repression, and Rebellion in Latin America
The War in Vietnam
26. The Present in Perspective and the Beginnings of the 21st Century
Modernization: The Western and Non-Western Worlds (photo)
Communiqué of the Central Committee, December 1978, Communist China, The Four Modernizations
Raymond L. Garthoff, The End of the Cold War
Robert Heilbroner, After Communism, Causes for the Collapse
Robert J. Donia, War in Bosnia and Ethnic Cleansing
Thomas B. Gold, Economic Revitalization of East Asia
John Lukacs, The Short CenturyIts Over
Alan Riding, Revolution and the Intellectual in Latin America
Ali A. Mazrui and Michael Tidy, Reviving African Culture
Nelson Mandela, Democracy in South Africa
Noboru Kawasaki, Football Hawk: The Japanese Comic Book (illustration)
The Growth of Cities (map)
Global Environmental Problems (map)
Edward O. Wilson, Ecological Threats
The AIDS Epidemic (map and chart)
Thomas L. Friedman, Globalization
Niall Ferguson, The Future After 9-11-01
Bahgot Korany, Islam and Democracy
The Middle East and Iraq, 2003
Mark Juergensmeyer, Religious Terrorism
Michael Ignatieff, The War in Iraq